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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 3320-3322 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this work, the realization of AlxGa1−xAs/GaAs two-step barrier diode is presented. Experimental observation on the current–voltage characteristics of the two-step barrier diode is reported. At both room temperature and 77 K, it shows a strong negative differential resistance under forward bias while no similar phenomenon was observed under reverse bias. Such an asymmetric current–voltage characteristic would open the possibility of negative differential resistance in an ac field in the absence of a dc bias. Theoretical simulation and experimental current–voltage characteristics are compared and discussed. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 65 (1994), S. 2815-2817 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The characteristics of negative differential resistance in an amorphous silicon and silicon–carbide single-barrier device have been experimentally observed at room temperature. Based on the calculated and measured results, the barrier thickness is the important factor in determining the current–voltage characteristics of this device. In addition, the effective mass and the series resistance of amorphous materials are larger than that of crystalline materials. Thus the behavior of negative differential resistance of an amorphous silicon single-barrier device would be different from that of single-crystalline devices. © 1994 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0014-4827
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Free Radical Biology and Medicine 14 (1993), S. 201-207 
    ISSN: 0891-5849
    Keywords: Catalase ; CuZn superoxide dismutase ; Free radicals ; Lysosomes ; Peroxisomes
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 106 (1996), S. 41-58 
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Cryosections of aldehyde-fixed material prepared according to Tokuyasu are a good substrate for immunocytochemistry. However, structural defects occur that limit the resolution of this approach. We found that the step during which sections are thawed and transferred from the cryochamber to the supporting film on an EM grid is most critical for structural preservation. Surface tension of the transfer medium, on which sections are spread during thawing, can easily damage their structure by overstretching. By substituting a mixture of methylcellulose and sucrose for the conventional sucrose transfer medium, we were able to alleviate the problem of overstretching, thus improving greatly the structural integrity of thin cryosections. Also, material extraction from the sections after thawing causes structural damage, particularly when cross-linking is deficient. Incorporation of uranyl acetate in the transfer medium can then further help to maintain the structural integrity of the sections during the immunolabeling procedure. Excellent ultrastructure was featured in sections picked up and dried directly in methylcellulose/uranyl acetate mixtures. Such preparations can provide new insight into subcellular details and is an efficient back-up for immunolabeled sections in respect of their morphology. Cryosections from fresh frozen tissue can be preserved for immunolabeling by using transfer media that contain fixatives. This approach may have advantages if chemical fixation of tissue is thought to induce morphological artifacts or antigen redistribution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied climatology 40 (1989), S. 9-23 
    ISSN: 1434-4483
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der jährliche und jahreszeitliche Gang der globalen Zonenmittel der Speicherung und des Transports von latenter Energie (MSE), des Oberflächen-Eddy-Flusses der MSE und des Einstrahlungsbudgets an der Atmosphärengrenze (TOA) als auch auf der Erdoberfläche werden untersucht. Wir verwenden die GFDL Zonenmitteldaten, um die Ladung, Divergenz und den polgerichteten Fluß der MSE zu errechnen. Die Oberflächen-Eddy-Flüsse werden aufgrund einer empirischen Formel bestimmt, die mittels verfügbarer klimatologischer Daten erstellt wurde. Strahlungsflüsse auf der Oberfläche und der Atmosphärengrenze werden mittels eines Einstrahlungsmodells errechnet. Eine Reihe signifikanter Erscheinungen werden in der vorliegenden Analyse dargestellt mit Hinblick auf das globale jährliche und jahreszeitliche Energiegleichgewicht des Erde-Atmosphäre-Systems. Die Ladungs- und Entladungsrate des MSE ist im Frühjahr und Herbst größer als im Sommer und Winter. Die Spitzen des polgerichteten Transports der MSE liegen bei 40° N und 35° S mit einem Wert von ca. 3 × 1015 W. In bezug auf das Einstrahlungsbudget werden die persistenten ITKZ-Minima und die subtropischen Maxima der IR-Flußverteilung gut von dem Einstrahlungsparameterisierungsprogramm dargestellt. Die Sonneneinstrahlungsflußspitzen verschieben sich von 20° N im Frühjahr nach 40° im Sommer aufgrund der gegen den Pol hin zunehmenden Tageslänge. Zuletzt zeigen die Untersuchungen des globalen Oberflächenenergiegleichgewichts auf, daß die Oberflächennettoflüsse, abgeleitet von der Parameterisierung für Eddy- und Einstrahlungsflüsse, mit den beobachteten Werten gut übereinstimmen. Diese Übereinstimmung impliziert offensichtlich, daß im globalen Durchschnitt die physikalische Parametrisierung, die in dieser Studie angewendet wurde, verläßliche Modelle der jahreszeitlichen Oberflächenflußkomponenten liefern kann.
    Notes: Summary The annual and seasonal cycle of the global zonally averaged storage and transport of moist static energy (MSE), the surface eddy flux of MSE, and the radiation budget at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) and surface are investigated in this paper. We use the GFDL (Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory) zonal mean data to compute the storage rate, divergence, and poleward flux of MSE. Surface eddy fluxes are determined based on an empirical formula developed from available climatological data. Radiative fluxes at the TOA and surface are computed from a radiation model. A number of significant features are illustrated by the present analysis in regard to the global annual and seasonal energy balance of the earth-atmosphere system. The storage/release rate of MSE is greater in spring and autumn than in summer and winter. The rate of poleward transport of MSE has a maximum at ~40°N and ~35°S with a value of ~3 × 1015 W. In terms of the radiation budget, the persistent ITCZ minimum and subtropical maxima of the IR flux distribution are reproduced well in the radiation parameterization program. The incoming solar flux maximum shifts from ~20°N in spring to ~40°N in summer due to the poleward increase in the fraction of daytime. Finally, an examination of the global surface energy balance reveals that the surface net fluxes derived from parameterizations for eddy and radiative fluxes agree well with values derived from observations. This agreement appears to imply that on the global mean, the physical parameterizations used in the present study are reliable in modeling the seasonal surface flux components.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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