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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The acute metabolic effects of oral tricalcium phosphate and calcium carbonate (1994)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 55 (1994), S. 335-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Tricalcium phosphate ; Calcium carbonate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A double-blind study was performed to test the metabolic effects of tricalcium phosphate (TP) and calcium carbonate (CC) on serum calcium (SCa), serum phosphorus (SP), and immunoreactive intact serum parathyroid hormone (SPTH) levels in two groups of 24 subjects. The mean age of young subjects was 29.5 years, and elderly subjects, 65.9 years. These subjects fasted overnight for 12 hours, but with good hydration, before the tests. Following a 2-hour baseline-urine collection, 1200 mg elemental calcium (as CC or TP in tablet form) was chewed and ingested and 2-hour postload urines were collected. Blood was drawn immediately before and at 1, 2, and 4 hours after calcium load. The results showed that SCa and SP increased, whereas SPTH decreased with both preparations. The increment of SCa was similar after oral load of either calcium salt in both groups. The increment of SP after TP load was more than after CC. The urinary calcium/creatinine ratio (UCa/Cr) increased significantly after both preparations in the young group. The urinary phosphorus/creatinine ratio (UP/Cr) did not change significantly following TP, but decreased significantly after CC load in the young subjects. However, in the elderly individuals, the UP/Cr increased after TP load but did not change following CC, with statistical significance. The difference of urinary cyclic adenosine monophosphate/creatinine ratio (UcAMP/Cr) was not significant in both groups with either preparation. In summary, there was a similar rise in SCa and an equivalent fall in SPTH between TP and CC, in both young and elderly individuals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00299310
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of the Morphological Changes Induced by Staurosporine in Rat Osteoblasts (1997)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 61 (1997), S. 68 -73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Staurosporine — Rat osteoblasts — Protein kinase.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Protein kinase C (PKC) plays an important role in the differentiation of cells, however, little is known about its relationship to bone metabolism. We have previously demonstrated that staurosporine concentration dependently transformed the cultured rat osteoblasts into stellate cells. In this study, we further investigated the possible mechanisms and significance of the morphological changes of osteoblasts induced by staurosporine. The morphological changes induced by staurosporine were inhibited by microtubule depolymerizers or elevated intracellular calcium, however, actin depolymerizers enhanced the effects of staurosporine. Fluorescence labeling showed that staurosporine caused the dissolution of the actin microfilaments, but left the microtubules and vimentin filaments intact. PKC activators partially antagonized the morphological changes induced by staurosporine. Inhibition of protein kinase A or calmodulin-dependent kinase is less effective in the induction of stellate cell formation. These results suggest that the morphological changes of osteoblasts induced by staurosporine may be partly due to PKC inhibition, but other mechanisms may also be involved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900297
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Symmetry of Bone Mineral Density at the Proximal Femur with Emphasis on the Effect of Side Dominance (1997)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 61 (1997), S. 189 -191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Bone mineral density — Proximal femur — Dual photon absorptiometer — Dominant side.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The symmetry and effect of side dominance on the bone mineral density (BMD) of proximal femur was evaluated in 266 normal Chinese women with a dual photon absorptiometer (DPA, Norland 2600). The BMDs of the femoral neck, trochanter, and Ward's triangle at the proximal femur in the dominant leg (BMDd) were compared with those of the nondominant side (BMDn). The linear regression of BMDd and BMDn of the corresponding regions at the proximal femur showed a good correlation (r = 0.893–0.941, SEE = 0.052–0.062 g/cm2). The paired difference of proximal femoral BMD was −0.002 ± 0.062 g/cm2 for the femoral neck, 0.003 ± 0.054 g/cm2 for the trochanter, and 0.008 ± 0.062 g/cm2 for the Ward's triangle. The ratio of asymmetry for femoral neck BMD was mean ± SD =−0.4 ± 7.8%, for trochanter 0.6 ± 8.1%, and for the Ward's triangle 1.3 ± 9.7%. Both paired difference and ratio of asymmetry between BMDd and BMDn were approximately normally distributed, with a mean ± 2 SD ranging from −0.126 to 0.122 g/cm2 for paired difference and −16.0% to 15.2% for the ratio of asymmetry in the femoral neck. These data revealed that dominance had little effect on the proximal femur BMDs. However, the wide range of paired difference and ratio of asymmetry of the proximal femur BMD in the normal individuals should be considered in the interpretation of the proximal femoral BMD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900321
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential Effects of Bone Mineral Content and Bone Area on Vertebral Strength in a Swine Model (1998)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 63 (1998), S. 86-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Bone mineral content — Vertebral bone area — Compressive stress — Failure load — Stored strain energy.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Since the biomechanical competence of a vertebral body may be closely related to the content and distribution of the bone mineral, we have evaluated the effects of projected vertebral bone area (BA) and bone mineral parameters [bone mineral content (BMC) or bone mineral density (BMD)] on their biomechanical competence. We used dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to assess the bone mineral parameters of 36 swine thoracic vertebrae (T1–T12) and 15 lumbar vertebrae (L1–L5) after removal of the posterior elements. The failure load, compressive stress, and the stored strain energy of these vertebral bodies were assessed by a uniaxial compressive test using an MTS 810 testing system. Multiple regression analysis showed a significantly negative effect of BA and significantly positive effect of BMC on the biomechanical competence (compressive stress, r2= 0.67, P 〈 0.0001; failure load, r2= 0.75, P 〈 0.0001). However, the stored strain energy was only related to the BMC (r2= 0.35, P 〈 0.0001). The contributory effects of BMC and BA on the biomechanical competence were not equal. The effects of BMC was larger than BA in determining the failure load and stored strain energy, whereas the reverse was found for the compressive stress. Using the log-transformed parameters as the regressors resulted in similar results. These results suggested the differential effects of BA and BMC in determining the biomechanical competence of vertebral bodies. We recommend the use of both parameters instead of BMD alone for evaluation of the vertebral biomechanical competence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900494
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factor of Risk for Hip Fracture in Normal Chinese Men and Women in Taiwan (1999)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 65 (1999), S. 422-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Factor of risk (Φ) — Hip fracture — Chinese — Bone mineral density — Bone area.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We have investigated the age-related change in factor of risk (Φ) for the proximal femoral load during free fall in 548 females and 240 males aged 21–79 years. These individuals were divided into either young (age 〈50 years) or old group (age ≥50 years). Another 26 females with hip fractures were included for comparison. The bone mineral density (BMD) of proximal femoral neck was measured by a Norland XR-26 dual-energy X-ray absorptiometer (DXA). The estimated fracture load (L) of femoral neck was calculated from the BMD with the regression equation derived by Courtney et al. [2,3] and estimated fall force (F) by body weight and height according to the regression equation derived by Nakamura et al. [6] respectively. Φ was defined as the quotient of F/L. The results showed an age-related decrease of BMD (P 〈 0.001) in both genders corrected for weight and height. By multiple linear regression analysis, the F decreased significantly with aging corrected for BMD in old males (partial r =−0.255, P 〈 0.01) and increased with aging in all females (young, partial r=0.287, p 〈 0.001; old, partial r = 0.252, P 〈 0.001). L decreased significantly with aging corrected for height and weight in males (young, partial r =−0.401, P 〈 0.01; old, partial r =−0.178, P 〈 0.05) and females (young, partial r =−0.168, P 〈 0.05; old, partial r =−0.459, P 〈 0.001). However Φ decreased with aging in young males (P 〈 0.01) and females (young: P 〈 0.001, old: P 〈 0.001). Φ increased in old women but not in old men, and was higher in old women compared with old men. The 26 patients with hip fractures had a significantly higher Φ value than 85 age-matched women. In conclusion, Φ may provide a comprehensive comparison of the risk of hip fracture in the elderly population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900727
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Corticosteroid reduces blood flow to femoral heads in rabbits (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of biomedical science 1 (1993), S. 61-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1423-0127
    Keywords: Avascular necrosis ; Femoral head ; Corticosteroid ; Laser Doppler velocimeter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Avascular necrosis of the femoral head is one of the common problems in orthopedic practice in Taiwan. The subchondral bone loses its blood supply which weakens its biomechanical support. Steroid overuse is one of many possible etiologies in reducing blood flow to the femoral head. Laser Doppler velocimeter is a precise monitor of regional blood flow of bone which is expressed in perfusion units (PU). In the control group the rabbits were injected with normal saline and there were no statistical differences between blood flow to the right hip (39.26±5.64 PU) and left hip (38.58±4.35 PU). In group B a weekly injection of methylprednisolone into rabbits for 6 weeks demonstrated the reduction of blood flow of femoral head (24.74±3.13 PU) by the laser Doppler velocimeter. The flow decreased further (15.93±2.33 PU) by 12 weeks of steroid treatment. In group C after a weekly injection of steroid for 6 weeks the flow became 31.63±4.79 PU. The steroid was then discontinued for 3 weeks and the flow was 34.6±1.34 PU. In group D the blood flow was 25.89±4.01 PU after 6 weeks of steroid treatment and we stopped the steroid for 6 weeks, the blood flow became 29.86±2.59 PU. The merit of our experiment established a model of study in avascular necrosis of the femoral head in rabbits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258341
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proximal Femoral Dimension in Elderly Chinese Women with Hip Fractures in Taiwan (1999)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 10 (1999), S. 109-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Key words:Bone mineral density – Chinese women – Hip fracture – Osteoporosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: To investigate the relationship between proximal femoral geometry and the occurrence of hip fracture, we compared the geometry of contralateral normal hips of 120 elderly Chinese women with hip fractures, including 63 femoral neck fractures (group A) and 57 intertrochanteric fractures (group B) due to minor trauma, with that of 72 normal elderly Chinese women (group C). The mean ages for group A, B and C subjects were 77.3, 79.7 and 72.9 years, respectively. The femoral neck length (NL), neck width (NW), diameter of femoral head, femoral shaft width just below the lesser trochanter, and neck–shaft angle (θ) were measured on the anteroposterior plain pelvic radiographs. The mean ± SD of NL for group A was 50.4 ± 3.3 mm; for group B, 50.6 ± 3.1 mm; and for group C, 48.8 ± 3.6 mm. Statistical analysis by ANOCOVA and regression showed that only NL of women with hip fractures was significantly longer than controls after correction for age, body height and weight (p 〈0.01). However, the difference in NL between group A and group B was not significant. By linear regression, the probability of fracture increased only with older age (p 〈0.001), longer NL (p 〈0.005) and lighter body weight (p 〈0.05). By logistic regression, each standard deviation increase in NL increased the risk of hip fracture (age-adjusted odds ratio 1.84; 95% CI, 1.11–3.06). The results confirm the relationship between proximal femoral geometry and the occurrence of hip fracture in elderly Chinese women in Taiwan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001980050203
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty in a single procedure (1998)
    Springer
    International orthopaedics 22 (1998), S. 390-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5195
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé. Quatre vingt-huit patients consécutifs opérés de l’arthrose (TKA) ont été revus rétrospectivement. Ils ont été divisés en deux groupes. Le groupe I (64 patientes) ont eu leurs genoux remplacés simultanément par une éuqipe durant une procédure unique. Le groups II (24 patients) a subi deux opérations séparées sur 7 jours durant un séjour à l’hôpital. Il en a résulté qu’opérer simultanément une TKA bilatérale (groupe I) n’a pas entraîne d’incident opératoire, ni aucun accroissement des réactions postopératories. Il n’y a pas eu d’influence sur le résultat fonctionnel, ni aucune perte sanguine durant ou après l’opération. Le temps d’opération et la durée d’hospitalisation ont été beaucoup plus courts dans le groupe I que dans le groups II. En prenant en compte les résultats de cette étude, il apparaît qu’une TKA bilatérale simultanéc n’a pas seulement été bénéfique, mais aussi un choic alternatif pour les patients.
    Notes: Summary. Eighty-eight consecutive patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were reviewed retrospectively and divided into two groups. Group 1 (64 patients) had both knees replaced simultaneously by one team in a single procedure while Group II (24 patients) had 2 operations staged about 7 days apart. The blood loss, operative time, knee functional score, period of hospitalisation and complications were documented in order to compare the 2 groups. Performing simultaneous bilateral TKA (Group I) did not increase the incidence of operative or post-operative complications. Equally, the functional score and mean intra- and post-operative blood loss were not influenced. The operative time and duration of hospitalisation were significantly shorter in Group I than in Group II. On the basis of the results of this study, it appears that simultaneous bilateral TKA is beneficial.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002640050284
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Periprosthetic bone mineral density of the distal femur after total knee arthroplasty (1995)
    Springer
    International orthopaedics 19 (1995), S. 346-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5195
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'étude de la densité minérale osseuse (DMO) du fémur distal porteur d'une prothèse totale a été réalisée. Quarante-huit femmes ont fait l'objet de cette étude. 14 d'entre-elles présentaient une gonarthrose unilatérale et ont eu une arthroplastie totale avec une prothèse Osteonics; 14 autres, toujours avec une gonarthrose unilatérale ont eu une arthroplastie totale avec une prothèse Whiteside; enfin, 20 patientes, de même tranche d'âges sans arthrose du genou ont servi de groupe témoin. La densité minérale des deux genoux fut mesurée avant l'opération, puis à 3, 6 et 12 mois après intervention. Les résultats préliminaires montrent une diminution progressive et significative de la densité minérale dans le fémur distal des genoux opérés par arthroplastie totale. La densité des genoux non opérés reste stable. Le rapport des densités entre fémur opéré et fémur non opéré commence à décroitre 6 mois après l'opération et est le plus marqué à la fin de la première année (de 7 à 27%). D'autres investigations sont nécessaires pour évaluer la signification clinique de la diminution de densité de l'os périprothétique.
    Notes: Summary Evaluation of the bone mineral density (BMD) was performed in the distal femur around the femoral component of a total knee prosthesis. A total of 48 females were enrolled for this study, including 14 with osteoarthritis of one knee undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with an Osteonics prosthesis, 14 with osteoarthritis of one knee undergoing TKA with a Whiteside prosthesis, and 20 age-matched normal controls. The BMDs of both knees were measured before operation, and then at 3, 6 and 12 months after operation. The preliminary results demonstrate a significant progressive decrease of BMD in the distal femur of the operated knees after TKA, whereas the BMD of the non-operated knees remains stable. The ratio of BMD between the operated femur and the non-operated femur began to decrease 6 months after operation, and was most obvious at the end of the first year (ranging from 7% to 27%). Further investigation is essential to determine the clinical significance of this loss of periprosthetic bone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00178346
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An implicit enumeration program for zero-one integer programming (1972)
    Springer
    International journal of parallel programming 1 (1972), S. 75-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7640
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes some techniques to improve the speed of the implicit enumeration method for solving zero-one integer programming problems. Among these techniques, the most powerful is the one of using a column vector which works as a tag for each inequality, indicating whether or not the inequality should be checked for the current partial solution. A new condition for underlining a variable and the concept of pseudo-underlining are also proposed. These techniques were implemented in the computer programil lip (ILLinois Integer Programming code). The computational results for different types of problems are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01108520
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