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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 49 (1971), S. 1101-1108 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Shock ; traumatic shock ; blood coagulation ; microthrombosis ; pathology ; Schock ; traumatischer Schock ; Blutgerinnung ; Mikrothrombose ; Pathologie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Bei 16 Patienten mit traumatischem Unfallschock — davon 5 mit schwerer Blutung — wurden vom Zeitpunkt der Klinikaufnahme bis zu 24 Std später folgende Werte ermittelt: Zahl, Ausbreitung und Aggregation der Thrombocyten, PTT, T 4-Zeit und Plama-Fibrinogengehalt. 2. Bei 12 dieser Patienten war die histologische Untersuchung von operativ oder autoptisch gewonnenem Gewebe möglich. Die Schnittpräparate wurden gemeinsam mit denjenigen von 53 weiteren Verstorbenen mit traumatischem Schock ohne vorherige Gerinnungsanalyse mikroskopisch auf die Anwesenheit von Mikrothromben und intravasalen Zellansammlungen in den Nierengefäßen untersucht. 3. Gerinnungsanalytisch fanden sich beim traumatischen Schock eine Verminderung der Thrombocytenzahl und des Plasmafibrinogen-Gehaltes, eine Verlängerung der PTT und der T 4-Zeit. Die Veränderungen waren beim traumatischen Shock ohne schwere Blutung in der Regel geringgradiger ausgeprägt als im Blutungsschock. 4. Die Thrombocytenausbreitung ergab im Mittel eine Verschiebung zugunsten der jugendlichen Plättchenformen. Die Aggregationsneigung war deutlich erhöht und zeigte bei den tödlich verlaufenden Fällen eine Neigung zu anhaltender bis zunehmender Verschlechterung, während sie sich bei den später überlebenden Patienten cher normalisierte. 5. Pathologisch-anatomisch wurden nur in 7,7% der Nieren Mikrothromben nachgewiesen. Demgegenüber betrug die Häufigkeit der intravasalen Zellansammlungen 73,9%. Die geringere Häufigkeit der Mikrothrombose verglichen mit derjenigen bei früher untersuchten nicht-traumatischen Schockfällen wird mit der beim traumatischen Schock nachgewiesenen Fibrinolysesteigerung erklärt.
    Notes: Summary 1. Platelet count, differentiation and aggregation, plasma fibrinogen content, PTT and T 4-time were examined in 16 patients suffering from severe traumatic shock. In addition, 5 of these cases presented severe blood loss. 2. Microscopic investigation was possible in 12 patients. The organs of 53 patients with traumatic shock in whom blood coagulation could not be studied prior to death, were also studied for the presence of microthrombosis and intravascular accumulation of bone marrow cells within the renal medullary vessels. 3. Platelet count and fibrinogen content of blood plasma were markedly decreased immediately after admission of the patients. PTT and T 4-time were increased. These findings were more pronounced in patients with severe blood loss than in those without this complication. 4. The number of immature thrombocytes and the platelet aggregation were increased in traumatic shock. Platelet aggregation tended to increase in cases with a lethal outcome and to normalize in surviving patients. 5. Microscopic investigation revealed microthrombosis of the kidney in 7.7% of the cases. Intravascular cell accumulations were found in 73.9%. The fact that microthrombosis was observed less frequently than in patients with other causes of shock may be explained by the activation of fibrinolysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 51 (1973), S. 3-9 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 53 (1975), S. 1131-1132 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Use of sodium chloride ; needed sodium chloride ; oedema ; hypertonia ; Kochsalzverbrauch ; Kochsalzbedarf ; Oedeme ; Hypertonie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Um einen Anhaltspunkt über den Kochsalzverbrauch in der Bundesrepublik zu erhalten, wurde bei 106 nierengesunden Personen unterschiedlicher Bevölkerungsstruktur die Kochsalzausscheidung im 24 Std-Urin gemessen. Aus der Kochsalzausscheidung kann auf die Kochsalzaufnahme geschlossen werden, da die Regulierung des Natriumhaushaltes über die renale Ausscheidung erfolgt und täglich aufgenommene Natriummengen bis zu einem Grenzwert von 200 mVal von Gesunden ohne Verzögerung eliminiert werden. Die gemessenen Werte lagen zwischen 4,7 und 32,7 g; der Mittelwert bei 13,1 g.
    Notes: Summary In order to obtain data on the amount of sodium chloride used in the German Federal Republic, 106 persons of different social groups, with healthy kidneys, were investigated, measuring the sodium chloride contents in their 24-hour urine. The sodium chloride intake follows from the sodium chloride secretion because the regulation of the sodium household is effected through the renal excretion, and with healthy people the daily intake of sodium chloride down to a limit value of 200 mVal per day is eliminated without delay. The values measured are between 4.7 and 32.7 g, the mean figure corresponded to 13.1 g.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 65 (1987), S. 520-524 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Kinetic ; Elimination ; Folic acid ; Deficiency syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The plasma kinetics and elimination of folic acid were studied in 11 healthy subjects after saturation with a multivitamin preparation. A radioassay was utilized for the determination of folic acid. After the i.m. injection of 1.1 mg folic acid sodium, a maximum plasma level of 63.7±14.3 nmol/l was reached after 0.69±0.26 h. The elimination half-life time amounted to 1.53±0.46 h. Based on the injected amount of folic acid, the cumulative increase in elimination within 24 h amounted to 9.4%±3.1%. Within the first 6 h 81.4%±6.1% of the administered folic acid appeared in the urine and in the following 4 h 17.3%±5.4%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Muzolimine ; furosemide ; chronic renal failure ; saluresis ; diuresis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a double blind cross-over study of 11 patients suffering from advanced chronic renal failure, the diuretic effect of single oral dose of muzolimine 240 mg and furosemide 240 mg was compared. The patients were stratified according to a serum creatinine of approximately 4/8 and 12 mg/dl, or a mean endogenous creatinine clearance of 21.7 ml/min/1.73 m2, 8.2 ml/min/1.73 m2 and 5.4 ml/min/1.73 m2. Urine volume and sodium excretion were studied biometrically using a 3-factor variance analysis. Urine excretion in all groups tended to be greater after muzolimine than after furosemide. The cumulative sodium excretion after muzolimine was significantly greater. In the groups with a creatinine clearance of 8.2 or 5.4 ml/min/1.73 m2, the duration of the time- response curve of muzolimine was greater than that of furosemide. Thus, even in advanced renal insufficiency, both substances had a saluretic effect. Muzolimine appeared to be significantly more effective than furosemide in causing natriuresis in patients with a serum creatinine of 4 to 8 mg/dl.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: theophylline ; GI absorption ; plasma levels ; drug delivery capsule
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The absorption of a theophylline solution containing 80–120 mg doses delivered to different sites in the gastro-intestinal tract has been determined in 3 male volunteers using a remote controlled drug release system (HF-capsule). There was no difference between the stomach, ileum and the colon in the amount of theophylline absorbed (AUC). The T1/2abs of theophylline absorbed via the colon was prolonged when compared with that entering via the upper gastro-intestinal tract. The results provide a rational basis for the further development of theophylline formulations and are indispensable for planned development and to account for variation in the bioavailability of retarded release drug preparations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 30 (1986), S. 225-230 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: dexamethasone ; pharmacokinetics ; dose dependancy ; suppression of cortisol ; healthy females
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The dose dependency of the pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone and its influence on the endogenous secretion of cortisol has been studied in healthy females. The maximum plasma level occurred between 1.6 and 2.0 h after doses of 0.5–3.0 mg independent of the type of administration. AUC, distribution volume, plasma clearance and cmax did not increase in proportion to the dose but only by the factor of about 0.6–0.7 after the oral administration of 0.5–1.5 mg. Comparatively high values were reached after 3.0 mg i.m. This may be due to reduced bioavailability of the oral doses. Within the first 12 h after the administration of 0.5–3.0 mg, endogenous cortisol secretion was influenced independent of dose. However, the suppressive effect after 24 h was dose dependent and amounted to approximately 24% for 0.5 mg p. o., 62% for 1.5 mg p. o. and 90% for 3.0 mg i. m. In the case of administration every second day, the integral reduction within 24 h after the administration of 0.5 mg dexamethasone was 44 to 65% and for 1.5 mg between 59 and 62%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: ibuprofen ; rheumatoid arthritis ; enantiomer ; stereoselectivity ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary S(+)-, R(−)- or racemic ibuprofen was administered orally to volunteers in doses of 150 mg, 300 mg and 500 mg pure S(+)-, 300 mg pure R(−)- and 600 mg racemic ibuprofen. The pharmacokinetic parameters in humans showed that S(+)-ibuprofen was not inverted to R(−)-ibuprofen, whereas R(−)-ibuprofen was inverted to S(+)-ibuprofen to a variable degree. S(+)-ibuprofen and R(−)-ibuprofen given alone more rapidly reached significantly higher maximal plasma concentrations than after the same doses of the racemic compound. The elimination half-lives and clearance values for all three forms of ibuprofen were comparable. The mean residence time of S(+)-ibuprofen after R(−)- and racemic ibuprofen was significantly longer than after administration of the pure S(+)-enantiomer. Judged by the AUC, the bioavailability of S(+)-ibuprofen was independent of the dose within the range tested. Administration of S(+)-ibuprofen to 6 rheumatic patients showed that the pharmacokinetic behaviour of S(+)-ibuprofen in patients was similar to that found in volunteers. S(+)-ibuprofen proved to be an effective analgesic antirheumatic drug in the dose range 1 to 1.5 g/day.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Muzolimine ; pharmacodynamics ; pharmacokinetics ; furosemide ; saluresis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a biometrically planned, double-blind study on 12 Oedema-free male patients the saluretic effect of muzolimine 30 mg was compared with furosemide 40 mg. The plasma level of muzolimine was determined and correlated with its pharmacodynamics. In terms of excretion during the 12-hour observation period muzolimine 30 mg had as great a cumulative effect as furosemide 40 mg. There was a significant difference in the time-response curve. During the first two hours furosemide 40 mg had more saluretic effect than muzolimine 30 mg. Between two and four hours there was no significant difference between the two substances. Between four and six hours, however, muzolimine was somewhat more effective than furosemide, although the difference did not reach the level of significance. After 6 h there was no longer any difference between the two compounds. The half-life of the fall in concentration of muzolimine in plasma was 3.7 up to 10 h after its administration. The time-response curve of the increased urine excretion correlated well with the time course of the concentration of muzolimine in plasma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: muzolimine ; furosemide ; renal failure ; pharmacodynamics ; haemodialysis ; diuretics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacodynamic effects of muzolimine and furosemide were compared in a single dose cross-over study in 8 patients on regular dialysis treatment, who had a residual diuresis of more than 300 ml/day. The study periods comprised two dialysis-free intervals of 3 days. On the second dialysis-free day either muzolimine 240 mg or furosemide 240 mg was administered orally. Urine was collected in 12-h periods on the pre-treatment, treatment and post-treatment days, and the excretion of sodium, potassium, urea and creatinine were measured. After administration of muzolimine 240 mg urine volume rose to twice that of the previous day, and sodium excretion increased approximately threefold. In contrast, the effect of furosemide 240 mg was not as pronounced; the diuresis was only 1.6 times that on the previous day and natriuresis was only 2.2 times as large. Excretion of potassium and creatinine was only slightly increased by either substance. The elimination of urea was increased by both substances to the same degree as the corresponding increase in diuresis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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