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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quality Attributes and Retention of Selected B-Vitamins of Canned Faba Bean as Affected by Soaking Treatments (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 49 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Solutions of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and sodium bicarbonate were used to soak faba beans before canning. Soaking in ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid solutions only caused a slightly lighter bean color. Soaking in bicarbonate solutions increased both the drained weight and the softness of the cooked beans, and it also made the bean color darker. The profiles of loss of both thiamin and riboflavin during the canning process were determined. Riboflavin was lost primarily during retorting while thiamin was lost in several processes including heat pretreatment and soaking. Mechanism of loss for the two vitamins was mainly leaching; very little thermal destruction was observed. None of the soaking treatments affected the retention of these vitamins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1984.tb10390.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    C-fos Expression During Vocal Mobbing in the New World Monkey Saguinus fuscicollis (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 8 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In order to find brain areas involved in the vocal expression of emotion, we compared c-fos expression in three groups of saddle-back tamarins (Saguinus fuscicollis). One group, consisting of three animals, was made to utter more than 800 mobbing calls by electrical stimulation of the periaqueductal grey of the midbrain (PAG). A second group, consisting of two animals, was stimulated in the PAG with the same intensity and for the same duration as the first group but at sites that did not produce vocalization. These sites lay somewhat medial to the vocalization-eliciting sites. A third group, consisting of two animals, was stimulated at vocalization-eliciting sites in the PAG but with an intensity below vocalization threshold. Fos-like immunoreactivity that was found in the vocalizing but not in the non-vocalizing animals was located in the dorsomedial and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, ventrolateral premotor cortex, sensorimotor face cortex, insula, inferior parietal cortex, superior temporal cortex, claustrum, entorhinal and parahippocampal cortex, basal amygdaloid nucleus, anterior and dorsomedial hypothalamus, nucleus reuniens, lateral habenula, Edinger-Westphal nucleus, ventral and dorsolateral midbrain tegmentum, nucleus cuneiformis, sagulum, pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei, ventral raphe, periambigual reticular formation and solitary tract nucleus. For some of these structures (e.g. anterior cingulate cortex and periambigual reticular formation), there is evidence also from electrical stimulation, lesioning and single-unit recording studies that they are involved in vocal control. For other structures (e.g. lateral habenula, Edinger-Westphal nucleus), the available evidence speaks against such a role. Fos activation in these cases is probably related to non-vocal reactions accompanying the electrically elicited vocalizations. A third group of structures consists of areas for which a role in vocal control cannot be excluded but for which the present study presents the first evidence for such a role (e.g. claustrum and sagulum). These structures deserve further studies using more specific methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1996.tb01162.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Effects of Periaqueductally Injected Transmitter Antagonists on Forebrain-elicited Vocalization in the Squirrel Monkey (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 5 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In 15 squirrel monkeys, vocalization-eliciting electrodes were implanted into the following forebrain structures: anterior cingulate cortex, genu of the internal capsule, amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, hypothalamus, midline thalamus, inferior thalamic peduncle and periventricular grey. Then, injections of 29 transmitter antagonists were made into the midbrain periaqueductal grey (PAG) and their effects tested on the elicitability of vocalization from the forebrain. Vocalization could be blocked completely with glutamate antagonists. NMDA receptor antagonists as well as kainate/quisqualate receptor antagonists were effective. Facilitatory effects, i.e. a decrease in threshold of forebrain-elicited vocalization, was obtained with GABA-A receptor, glycine and opioid antagonists. The facilitatory effect of the opioid antagonist naloxone was limited to vocalizations expressing aversive emotional states. GABA-A receptor antagonists not only facilitated forebrain-induced vocalization but also produced vocalization themselves, i.e. without concomitant forebrain stimulation. No effects were obtained with antagonists of muscarinic and nicotinic receptors, with the GABA-B receptor antagonist phaclofen and antagonists of the monoamines dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, serotonin and histamine. It is concluded that the PAG represents a crucial relay station of the vocalization-controlling system. In this station, transmission of vocalization-relevant information depends upon the activation of glutamatergic synapses. Inhibitory control is exerted by GABA, glycine and endogenous opioids. Acetylcholine, dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, serotonin and histamine may play a transient modulatory role; forebrain-induced vocalization, however, does not depend upon the cholinergic or monoaminergic activation of PAG neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1993.tb00537.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of crystal structure on the magnetoresistance of Co/Cr multilayers : The 6th joint magnetism and magnetic materials (MMM)-intermag conference (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 6516-6518 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Epitaxial Co/Cr multilayers, and single-crystal Co thin films etc. have been grown on MgO and Al2O3 substrates with Cr and Mo as buffer layers by molecular beam epitaxy technique. From the structure and magnetoresistance studies, we have found that the ferromagnetic anisotropy of resistance (AMR) is strongly influenced by the buffer layer, but with negligible effect due to the variation of the structure of Co films. The AMR of Co film on Cr buffer layer is quite small (0.1%); however, the MR of Co/Cr multilayers is almost one order larger than the AMR of Co film on Cr buffer layer. An enhancement factor of 4 for the MR in Co/Cr multilayers by the interface roughness has been observed. This suggests that the effect due to the spin dependent scattering at the interfacial regions of the superlattice is larger than that due to the spin dependent scattering in the ferromagnetic layers for the MR in the Co/Cr multilayer system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358247
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occurrence of peptic ulcer disease in connective tissue disease patients associated with xerostomia (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 17 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Saliva plays a role in mucosal protection and ulcer healing.Aim : To study whether decreased salivary production leads to peptic ulcer disease in connective tissue disease patients associated with xerostomia.Patients and methods : Two hundred and two connective tissue disease patients (90 with xerostomia and 112 without xerostomia) were enrolled. Their demographic data and use of medications were recorded. Peptic ulcer disease was confirmed by endoscopy. The stimulated salivary output and secretory epidermal growth factor level were measured.Results : Compared with non-xerostomic counterparts, xerostomic patients manifested a higher occurrence of peptic ulcer disease (31% vs. 12%, P = 0.001), lower stimulated salivary output (9.3 ± 4.1 vs. 22.9 ± 5.9 mL/15 min, P 〈 0.001) and lower stimulated salivary epidermal growth factor output (1.40 ± 0.77 vs. 3.00 ± 0.96 ng/min, P 〈 0.001). Multivariate analysis disclosed that an older age (≥ 60 years) (odds ratio, 4.71; P 〈 0.001), xerostomia with stimulated salivary output of ≤1 mL/min (odds ratio, 7.54; P = 0.014) and the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (odds ratio, 5.76; P = 0.031) were the risk factors leading to peptic ulcer disease. In addition, xerostomic connective tissue disease patients receiving non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs manifested an extremely high risk of development of peptic ulcer disease (odds ratio, 19.78; P 〈 0.001).Conclusions : Ageing, the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and poor salivary function are potential risk factors for the development of peptic ulcer disease in patients with connective tissue disease. If these xerostomic subjects consume non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, they will encounter an extremely high peptic ulcer disease risk.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01418.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The potential risk factors leading to peptic ulcer formation in autoimmune disease patients receiving corticosteroid treatment (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 16 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aim : To study the potential risk factors leading to peptic ulcer disease among autoimmune disease patients on corticosteroid treatment.Methods : One hundred and thirty-eight corticosteroid-treated autoimmune disease patients were enrolled; their demographic data were recorded and laboratory data were measured. Endoscopy was performed to assess the occurrence of peptic ulcer disease. Helicobacter pylori infection was diagnosed on the basis of rapid urease test and histological examination.Results : Twenty-eight (20%) of 138 autoimmune disease patients had peptic ulcer disease, including 17 with gastric ulcer, eight with duodenal ulcer and three with gastric ulcer plus duodenal ulcer. Eighty five (62%) had used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and 46 (33%) had H. pylori infection. The majority of peptic ulcer disease subjects showed the following characteristics: age ≥ 60 years; male; smokers; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug users, particularly the non-specific cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors; presence of hyperpepsinogenaemia I; low H. pylori colonization (P 〈 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that an age ≥ 60 years [odds ratio (OR), 6.80; P = 0.001], smoking (OR, 7.94; P = 0.004) and the use of non-specific cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors (OR, 4.71; P = 0.030) were the predominant risk factors for the development of peptic ulcer disease among these patients, whereas H. pylori infection showed a protective role (OR, 0.20; P = 0.022).Conclusions : Old age, smoking and the use of non-specific cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors are risk factors for peptic ulcer disease in autoimmune disease patients on corticosteroid treatment. H. pylori infection appears to protect against peptic ulcer disease in these patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2002.01279.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Current patterns of irritable bowel syndrome in Taiwan: the Rome II questionnaire on a Chinese population (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 18 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Irritable bowel syndrome is a common condition seen in Western countries. In Asia, however, it is less known and even less studied.Aim : To determine the prevalence and social impact of irritable bowel syndrome as well as the health-seeking behaviour of irritable bowel syndrome patients in TaiwanMethods : Using the modified Rome II questionnaire, a survey was carried out in a population receiving physical check-up (n = 2865).Results : The prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in Taiwan was 22.1% and 17.5% (κ = 0.73) according to the Rome II and I criteria, respectively. No gender difference was found between subjects with and without irritable bowel syndrome symptoms. Irritable bowel syndrome subjects were likely to undertake an excessive number of physician-visits (P 〈 0.01). Such subjects were often absent from work/school, with more days of absenteeism than irritable bowel syndrome-free subjects (P 〈 0.01). They also suffered obvious sleep disturbance (P 〈 0.01). Nearly half of the irritable bowel syndrome subjects were ‘consulters’, and they were more likely to have frequent physician-visits, suffer from work/school absenteeism, and endure sleep disturbance and bowel symptoms than irritable bowel syndrome nonconsulters (P 〈 0.05).Conclusions : Irritable bowel syndrome is common in a Chinese population of Taiwan. Similar to irritable bowel syndrome in the West, it also involves significant social and medical burdens. However, in the irritable bowel syndrome subjects of Taiwan there is no gender difference, and more irritable bowel syndrome subjects will seek physician consultations, which may be due to Taiwan's easily accessible and affordable heath care facilities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01711.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gender difference on the symptoms, health-seeking behaviour, social impact and sleep quality in irritable bowel syndrome: a Rome II-based survey in an apparent healthy adult Chinese population in Taiwan (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 21 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Little is known about the gender effect on irritable bowel syndrome in Asia.Aim : To assess the gender difference in Chinese subjects with irritable bowel syndrome meeting Rome II criteria.Methods : Irritable bowel syndrome was identified from an apparently healthy adult population receiving a routine health maintenance program (n = 2018).Results : Female gender is not a factor associated with irritable bowel syndrome or irritable bowel syndrome-related health care-seeking behaviour. Female irritable bowel syndrome subjects, irrespective of consulting behaviour for irritable bowel syndrome, are likely to have 〈3 bowel movements/week, hard/lumpy stools and abdominal fullness/bloating (P 〈 0.05). Female irritable bowel syndrome subjects are prone to be absent from school/work with more days of absenteeism, irrespective of consultation status (P 〈 0.05). Only female irritable bowel syndrome consulters have more absenteeism for their irritable bowel syndrome-related symptoms, reporting more sleep disturbances than their male counterparts (P 〈 0.001).Conclusions : In an apparent healthy adult population in Taiwan, gender difference is present in Rome II defined Chinese subjects with irritable bowel syndrome as regards bowel symptoms, social impact and sleep quality. Female predominance was not found in irritable bowel syndrome subjects and irritable bowel syndrome-related health care-seeking behaviour in the current population. Both irritable bowel syndrome non-consulters and consulters have similar gender difference profiles in presenting symptoms, suggesting that bowel symptoms per se may not be the only factor leading to health care-seeking behaviour. The gender differences in sleep problems were observed solely in irritable bowel syndrome consulter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02512.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Social and medical impact, sleep quality and the pharmaceutical costs of heartburn in Taiwan (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 22 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Little is known about the social and medical burdens of heartburn in Asia.Aim : To assess the impact of heartburn in Taiwan.Methods : We applied a questionnaire to 2018 apparently healthy adult Chinese receiving a routine health maintenance programme. Costs of heartburn-related prescriptions were obtained from the Bureau of National Health Insurance of Taiwan.Results : Heartburn prevalence (〉1 episode/week) was 7%. Smoking and increased body mass index were associated with heartburn occurrence. Heartburn sufferers reported more atypical gastro-oesophageal reflux disease symptoms, e.g. chest pain, dysphagia and globus. They were more likely to consult physicians, and have an increased frequency and number of days of absenteeism, irrespective of upper gastrointestinal or nongastrointestinal-related illnesses. They experienced sleep disturbances more frequently. The 62 heartburn consulters (48%) were more likely to have co-existing globus, visited physicians more, had more absenteeism, suffered from more sleep disturbances and had higher costs for antacids, proton pump inhibitors, hypnotic/sedatives, tranquilizers and antidepressants than nonconsulters.Conclusions : Heartburn prevalence in Taiwan is lower than in Western countries. Nevertheless, heartburn in Taiwanese creates a significant burden in terms of social impact, health resource utilization, sleep quality and pharmaceutical costs. The increased costs of psychoactive drugs in consulters suggest that anxiety/depression affects their health-seeking behaviour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02664.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution pattern in the human pituitary and hypothalamus of a new neuropeptide: The C-terminal glycoprotein-fragment of human pro-pressophysin (CPP) (1982)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 75 (1982), S. 319-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution pattern of CPP-containing neurons and fibers in the human pituitary and hypothalamus was studied with a specific antiserum to human CPP and the unlabeled antibody technique. Immunoreactive CPP was found in the magnocellular neurons of the supraoptic nucleus (SON), the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and in neurons scattered in the supraoptic hypophyseal tract. CPP-containing parvocellular neurons were found in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The CPP-containing fibers from the magnocellular neurons formed a tract coursing through the median eminence and the pituitary stalk to the posterior lobe of the hypophysis. In contrast, no such fibers from the SCN projected to SON, PVN and the median eminence. This pattern is identical to that of vasopressin and its associated neurophysin-containing neurons and fibers and strongly supports the concept that CPP is a part of the common precursor for vasopressin and neurophysin II. The biological importance of human CPP other than being a precursor fragment remains to be elucidated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00496735
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