Library

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of theophylline in plasma by electron capture gas chromatography (1976)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 48 (1976), S. 1875-1878 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac50007a016
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Editorial (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 27 (1999), S. 557-558 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020922424587
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetic study of fludarabine phosphate (NSC 312887) (1986)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 17 (1986), S. 277-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Characterization of the pharmacokinetics of 2-FLAA has been completed in seven patients receiving 18 or 25 mg/m2 daily x5 of 2-FLAMP over 30 min. Assuming 2-FLAMP was instantaneously converted to 2-FLAA, the plasma levels of 2-FLAA declined in a biexponential fashion. Computer fitting of the plasma concentrationtime curves yielded an average distribution half-life (t1/2α) of 0.60 h and a terminal half-life (t1/2β) of 9.3 h. The estimated plasma clearance was 9.07±3.77 l/h per m2 and the steady state volume of distribution, 96.2±26.0 l/m2. There was a significant inverse correlation between the area under the curve (AUC) and absolute granulocyte count (r=-0.94, P〈0.02). A relationship between creatinine clearance and total body clearance was noted, but was not statistically significant (r=0.828; P〈0.1). Aproximately 24%±3% of 2-FLAA was excreted renally over the 5-day course of drug administration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00256699
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A phase I and pharmacokinetic comparison of hepatic arterial and peripheral vein infusions of bisantrene for liver cancer (1985)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 15 (1985), S. 144-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Bisantrene (NSC-337766) was administered to five patients with cancer of the liver (one case of hepatocellular carcinoma, two of metastatic carcinoma of unknown primary, two of metastatic colorectal carcinoma). Under fluoroscopic guidance, percutaneous hepatic venous catheters were placed in five patients and percutaneous hepatic arterial catheters in four. A fifth patient's hepatic arterial catheter was implanted at laparotomy. Hepatic plasma flow was estimated by the Fick principle using peripheral vein indocyanine green infusion. On the first day of treatment, patients received a 2- or 4 h hepatic arterial infusion of bisantrene (130 mg/m2); peripheral venous, hepatic arterial, and hepatic venous timed blood samples were drawn during and for 18 h after drug infusion. On the second day of treatment, 2- or 4 h peripheral vein infusion of bisantrene (130 mg/m2) was followed by the same blood sampling schedule. Patients were followed weekly for toxicity. Four patients received only one course of treatment, while a fifth received two courses. All patients experienced leukopenia (median nadir 2400/mm3; range 1400–2700/mm3). Two patients developed fever after drug infusion. No antitumor responses were observed. Plasma bisantrene concentrations were measured by HPLC. Pharmacokinetic analyses are reported for four patients. The hepatic extraction ratio ranged from 15% to 49%, hepatic plasma clearances were 0.029–0.353 l/min/m2; peripheral vein areas under the concentration-time curve during hepatic arterial infusion ranged from 35% to 50% of peripheral vein areas under the curve during peripheral vein infusion. We conclude that hepatic arterial bisantrene infusion offers only modest pharmacokinetic advantage to the target organ or to the systemic circulation over peripheral vein infusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00257525
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of ametantrone acetate (NSC-287513) (1987)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 19 (1987), S. 133-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ametantrone is the second anthracene derivative to enter clinical trials. The pharmacokinetic parameters for ametantrone acetate (CI-881) were characterized in six patients concurrently with the phase I clinical trial. Biological samples were assayed by a specific and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography procedure. Plasma levels of ametantrone declined in a triexponential fashion, with a mean terminal half-life (t1/2 gamma) of 25 h. The estimated mean total-body plasma clearance was 25.9±14.7 l h-1 m-2. The steady-state volume of distribution (Vdss) was large, averaging 568±630 l/m2. Excretion of unchanged ametantrone in the urine over 48 h averaged 5.7% of the total dose, indicating that there is another major route of elimination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254565
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of Single and Multiple Dose Pharmacokinetics Using Clinical Bioequivalence Data and Monte Carlo Simulations (1994)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 11 (1994), S. 1330-1336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: bioequivalence ; absorption rate ; steady-state bioavailability ; Monte Carlo simulations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative performance and usefulness of single dose (SD) and multiple dose (MD) regimens for bioequivalence (BE) determination. Drugs such as indomethacin, procainamide, erythromycin, quinidine, nifedipine were tested for BE under SD and MD dose regimens. Drugs characterized by low accumulation indices (AI) showed virtually no change in the 90% confidence interval (CI) of AUC and CMAX upon multiple dosing. On the other hand, drugs with higher AI appeared to have smaller CI at steady-state. For example, the CI range of AUC and CMAX of quinidine (AI of 1.54) decreased from 26 to 12 and from 22 to 12, respectively, upon multiple dosing. A Monte Carlo simulation study of SD and MD bioequivalence trials was performed. The probability of failing the bioequivalence test was evaluated for several situations defined by different levels of variability and correlation in ka constants, presence or absence of inter- and/or intra-individual variability in clearance (CL) and volume of distribution (V), and different degrees of accumulation. All the possible combinations of these factors were tested with SD and MD study designs. All simulations used 1000 data sets with 30 subjects in each data set for a total of 144 unique designs (total of 144,000 simulations of bioequivalence trials). Upon multiple dosing, narrowing of CI ranges was observed for drugs simulated to have high AI, high variability and a large difference in absorption constants (ka) between test and reference formulations. The mean AUC and CMAX CI ranges for this situation decreased from 15 to 6 and from 16 to 10, respectively, in going from SD to MD design. Thus, there was concordance between simulated and experimental data. The probability of failing the bioequivalence test is shown to dramatically decrease upon multiple dosing due to the changes (range and shift) in the confidence interval.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018906931100
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioequivalence: Individual and Population Compartmental Modeling Compared to the Noncompartmental Approach (1996)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 13 (1996), S. 1116-1121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: modeling ; NONMEM ; bioequivalence ; noncompartmental ; population ; compartmental
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the use of individual compartmental and population compartmental methods for bioequivalence determination, and to determine their utility as adjuncts to the current methods used for bioequivalence assessment. Methods. Data from three bioequivalence studies of chlorthalidone were analyzed with PCNONLIN using individual compartmental modeling and NONMEM for population analyses. These results were compared with results obtained from the traditional noncompartmental or SHAM (slopes, heights, areas, and moments) approach for bioequivalence assessment and the 90% confidence interval procedure. Results. Individual compartmental modeling and population compartmental modeling techniques performed well on this routine set of bioequivalence data which displayed simple pharmacokinetic properties. A direct assessment of the analysis methods was made by comparing the final estimates and 90% confidence intervals for the test to reference ratios (T/R) of AUC and CMAX. The final estimates and 90% confidence intervals for AUC T/R and CMAX T/R were similar and suggest consistency of results, independent of the method used. Conclusions. These results demonstrate the utility of modeling techniques as adjuncts to the traditional noncompartmental approach for bioequivalence determination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1016083429903
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling: The Importance of Informative Graphics (1995)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 12 (1995), S. 1845-1855 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: graphics ; MLR ; GAM ; TBM ; diagnostics ; jackknife ; population pharmacokinetics ; subpopulations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. The usefulness of several modelling methods were examined in the development of a population pharmacokinetics model for cefepime. Methods. The analysis was done in six steps: (1) exploratory data analysis to examine distributions and correlations among covariates, (2) determination of a basic pharmacokinetic model using the NON-MEM program and obtaining Bayesian individual parameter estimates, (3) examination of the distribution of parameter estimates, (4) multiple linear regression (MLR) with case deletion diagnostics, generalized additive modelling (GAM), and tree-based modelling (TBM) for the selection of covariates and revealing structure in the data, (5) final NONMEM modelling to determine the population PK model, and (6) the evaluation of final parameter estimates. Results. An examination of the distribution of individual clearance (CL) estimates suggested bimodality. Thus, the mixture model feature in NONMEM was used for the separation of subpopulations. MLR and GAM selected creatinine clearance (CRCL) and age, while TBM selected both of these covariates and weight as predictors of CL. The final NONMEM model for CL included only a linear relationship with CRCL. However, two subpopulations were identified that differed in slope and intercept. Conclusions. The findings suggest that using informative graphical and statistical techniques enhance the understanding of the data structure and lead to an efficient analysis of the data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1016215116835
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetic Model of Ascorbic Acid in Healthy Male Volunteers During Depletion and Repletion (1997)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 14 (1997), S. 1133-1139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: ascorbic acid ; pharmacokinetics ; human ; models— theoretical ; models—nonlinear ; bioavailability ; ascorbic acid deficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. To develop a new pharmacokinetic model for ascorbic acid (vitamin C) since no previously published model describes ascorbic acid absorption and disposition over a broad physiologic range of doses and plasma concentrations. Methods. A new model was developed through exploratory simulations. The model was fitted to pharmacokinetic data obtained from seven healthy volunteers who underwent ascorbic acid depletion then gradual repletion. Concentrations of ascorbic acid were measured in plasma and urine. Final pharmacokinetic model parameter estimates were obtained using nonlinear regression analysis. Results. The new model included saturable absorption, distribution and renal tubular reabsorption parameters. The model described ascorbic acid concentrations in plasma, cells, and urine during depletion and gradual repletion phases with a residual error less than 15%. Conclusions. The model was useful for obtaining a new understanding of the likely causes for the complex concentration-time profile observed during gradual repletion. At doses of 200 to 2500 mg per day, the plateau in pre-dose concentrations is largely due to apparent saturation of tissue uptake and less a function of oral bioavailability and renal excretion than previously thought.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1012186203165
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of Bioequivalence of Highly Variable Drugs Using Monte Carlo Simulations. I. Estimation of Rate of Absorption for Single and Multiple Dose Trials Using Cmax (1995)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 12 (1995), S. 1634-1641 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: bioequivalence ; highly variable drugs ; absorption rate ; Monte Carlo simulations ; single dose bioequivalence trials ; multiple dose bioequivalence trials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. A Monte Carlo simulation study was done to investigate the effects of high intrasubject variation in clearance (CL), and volume of distribution (V) on the calculation of the 90% confidence interval (CI) for Cmax for single dose and multiple dose studies. Methods. Simulations were done for both immediate release and sustained release scenarios. The simulated data were compared with clinical data from bioequivalence studies performed on indomethacin and verapamil. Results. Previous reviews and simulations have shown that the probability of failure for the Cmax for single dose studies was always greater than that for multiple dose studies. However, the results for the simulated scenarios currently investigated indicate that if intrasubject (period-to-period) variation in CL and V is high (% CV's above 25%, and 12%, respectively), multiple dose studies can exhibit a higher probability of failure for Cmax than do single dose studies. Furthermore, Cmax values from studies performed with a sustained release scenario are more sensitive to changes in Ka, CL, and V than are results of studies on immediate release products. As an example, the probability of failure for immediate release products in simulated single dose studies is about 11% and 21% when the mean difference in Ka is 10% and 20%, respectively; while, the probability of failure for multiple dose studies is about 36% regardless of the difference in Ka. The corresponding values for the probability of failure for sustained release products were 25%, 53% for single dose studies and 39% for multiple dose studies. The simulations also indicate that changes in the fraction absorbed have a greater effect on the estimation of Cmax in multiple dose regimens than in single dose studies. Conclusions. The results from these investigations indicate that multiple dose studies do not necessarily always reduce variability in Cmax.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1016288916410
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...