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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 60 (1988), S. 291-297 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Schlagwort(e): Muscle strength ; Job analysis ; Muscular work load ; Static and dynamic work
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Muscle strength and muscle endurance in groups with different occupational muscular load was studied among 60 women and 69 men. The mean age of the subjects was 52.0 ± 3.4 years. Isometric grip and trunk strength were measured on dynamometers, and dynamic muscle endurance by sit-ups. A job analysis was done with the AET method including the assessment of intensity, duration and type of muscular work of each subject. According to the job analysis, the subjects were classified into groups with low or high muscular load at work. The maximal isometric hand grip strength of women with a load classified as long duration of static or dynamic load on the hands at work was 86 and 88%, respectively of the strength of those with a load of short duration. The women with high intensity in static work had a grip strength of 86% of those with low intensity. These differences in strength among women between the high and low load groups were statistically significant (P 〈 0.05). No other statistically significant differences in muscle strength or muscle endurance between the high and low work load groups were found, although the high work load group had systematically the lowest muscle strength and muscle endurance in almost all comparisons. Muscle strength and muscle endurance was, however, not a discriminating factor between the group classifications of static and dynamic work. The results indicated that the muscle strength and muscle endurance of middle-aged employees was systematically lower among those with high muscular load compared to those with low load at work.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 50 (1982), S. 59-75 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Schlagwort(e): Tranport worker ; Orthopedic disorders ; Epidemiology ; Screening methods ; Ladearbeiter ; Orthopädische Beschwerden ; Epidemiologie ; Screening-Methoden
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung 366 Ladearbeiter eines deutschen Großflughafens (19 his 61 Jahre), die schwere körperliche Arbeit in zum Teil ungünstigen Körperhaltungen in den beengten Frachträumen von Flugzeugen ausüben, wurden in einer epidemiologischen Querschnittstudie mittels eines standardisierten Anamnesebogens in Form eines Interviews zu subjektiven Beschwerden des Bewegungsapparates befragt; bei 104 dieser Ladearbeiter wurde zusätzlich ein klinisch-orthopädischer Untersuchungsstatus erhoben. Rückenbeschwerden wurden am häufigsten genannt: 66% der befragten Ladearbeiter klagten über gegenwärtige Beschwerden, 57% uber frühere Beschwerden. Mit zunehmendem Alter und zunehmender Körpergröße nahm die Prävalenz dieser Beschwerden zu. Mit der Dauer der Ladetätigkeit beim Flughafen nahm auch die Prävalenz der aktuellen Rückenbeschwerden zu. Neben den Rückenbeschwer-den klagten 41 % der befragten Ladearbeiter über Kniebeschwerden. Steigendes Lebensalter und erhöhtes Körpergewicht bewirkten eine signifikante Zunahme dieser Beschwerden. Nackenbeschwerden wurden in 33% und Armbeschwerden in 41% angegeben; auch hier bestanden signifikante Abhängigkeiten der Prävalenzen dieser Beschwerden vom Alter. Im klinisch-orthopädischen Status lagen die Prävalenzen der Funktionseinschränkungen für die verschiedenen orthopädischen Bereiche zum Teil noch höher als im Interview. Allerdings spielten hier individuelle Faktoren (Alter, Körpergröße, Gewicht und Dauer der Ladetätigkeitserfahrung) nur eine geringe Rolle. Die vorgestellten klinisch-epidemiologischen Screening-Methoden haben sich bei der Erfassung arbeitsmedizinisch relevanter orthopädischer Beschwer den an einem arbeitenden Bevölkerungskollektiv bewährt. Für die hier untersuchten Ladearbeiter haben these Untersuchungen gezeigt, daß unter den gegenwärtigen Arbeitsbedingungen keine Personen beschäftigt werden sollten, deren Körperlänge in zu großer Diskrepanz zu den derzeitigen Frachtraum-dimensionen stehen, welche ein deutliches Übergewicht aufweisen oder anamnestische Rückenbeschwerden angeben. Gleichzeitig sollten aber Maßnahmen für die Änderung der Frachtraumhöhen, für den verstärkten Einsatz von Ladehilfen sowie für die Ausbildung des Personals im richtigen Heben und Tragen von Lasten ergriffen werden.
    Notizen: Summary In an epidemiologic cross-sectional study, 366 transport workers (age-range: 19–61 years) of a big German airport who are engaged in physical heavy work in unfavorable body positions in narrow freight spaces of airplanes, were investigated with regard to their subjective musculoskeletal complaints through a standardized anamnesis in an interview questionnaire. An additional clinical orthopedic examination was performed in 104 of the transport workers. Back pains were the most frequently reported complaints: at the time of examination 66% of the transport workers reported present back complaints. 57% had experienced previous back syndroms. Increasing age and stature were associated with a higher prevalence of these complaints. Years of exposure to transport work correlated positively with the prevalence of back complaints. After back complaints, knee complaints followed in the prevalence of locomotor complaints (41% of the interviewed workers). The prevalence increased with age and body weight significantly. Neck complaints were reported by 33% of the workers, arm complaints by 41%; again, age increased the prevalence of these complaints significantly. In the standardized clinical orthopedic examination, the prevalence of the functional findings were sometimes higher than in the interview. In contrast to the subjective complaints at the interview, individual factors (age, stature, weight, and work experience in the present occupation) had very little influence on the prevalence of objective findings. The clinical, epidemiologic screening methods employed have proved efficacious in detecting orthopedic disorders in an occupational collective. This study has shown that transport workers with wide discrepancies between body length and the space available in airplane cargo bellies, considerable overweight, or a history of former back syndromes should not be employed. Means to alter cargo belly dimensions in airplanes as well as the increased use of mechanical loading aids and additional training of the workers in proper lifting and carrying of cargo should be taken in to consideration.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 56 (1987), S. 555-561 
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Schlagwort(e): Age ; Job analysis ; Musculoskeletal capacity ; Mental, mixed, and physical work
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The musculoskeletal capacity of 60 women and 69 men, average age 52.3±3.7 years was determined, including measurements of anthropometry, maximal isometric trunk flexion and extension, sit-ups, isometric hand grip strength and back mobility. According to the job and to cluster analysis, the subjects were divided into three dominating work groups; physical, mental, and mixed groups. The results showed significant differences in right hand grip strength of the women and in the number of sit-ups by men among the three work groups (p〈0.05). The differences between the other tests were not significant, although the physical group in the women and either the physical or the mixed group in the men had systematically the lowest mean values in almost all tests. It is concluded that jobs with mainly physical demands do not guarantee superior musculoskeletal capacity in older employees.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 57 (1988), S. 181-188 
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Schlagwort(e): Aging ; Musculoskeletal capacity ; Mental, mixed and physical occupations
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The musculoskeletal capacity of 44 women and 39 men, mean age 55.0±3.4 years, was studied at the beginning and end of a 3.5 year period. The measurements included anthropometrics, maximal isometric trunk flexion and extension strength, maximal isometric hand grip strength and back mobility. According to a job analysis the subjects were divided into three dominating work groups: physical, mental and mixed groups. The results showed significant changes in anthropometrics, maximal isometric muscle strength and in mobility. The body weight and body mass index among women and the body mass index among men increased significantly during the period. The body height and sum of the skinfolds had on the other hand decreased significantly for both women and men. Women showed significant decreases of 9% and 10% (p〈0.05 andp〈0.01) in isometric trunk flexion and extension strength, and an increase of 9% in back mobility (p〈0.05). In mental work, most of the significant changes occurred among women. Men had significant decreases in isometric trunk flexion and extension, 22% and 16% respectively (p〈0.001) and an increase of 13% in back mobility (p〈0.001). The men doing physical work had most of the significant changes in musculoskeletal capacity. The results revealed accelerated changes in musculoskeletal capacity in middle-aged employees.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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