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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human skin-surface lipid fatty acids — Mosquito repellents (1970)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 26 (1970), S. 728-730 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Résumé On a découvert que les lipides de l'épiderme humain sont répulsifs pour la femelled'Aedes aegypti. Cet effet est dû en partie à la présence d'acides gras non saturés. Les acides gras saturés ne contribuent pas à cette action.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02232510
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid radial transport of methyl nicotinate in the dermis (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 273 (1982), S. 91-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Methyl nicotinate ; Radial spread ; Dermis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Topical application of a sufficiently concentrated aqueous solution of methyl nicotinate elicits within minutes an erythematous, vasodilatory response in humans. In this study the radial increase of the erythematous area visible in the skin has been followed as a function of solution application time and methyl nicotinate concentration. Because of the nature of the physiological response, the observations are interpreted in terms of the dermal movement of the drug. The rate of radial spread was much more rapid than can be accounted for in terms of simple diffusion, and a mechanism involving transport by the blood flowing in the dermal vasculature is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00509031
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Percutaneous penetration of hydrocortisone in humans following skin delipidization by 1:1:1 trichlorethane (1983)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 275 (1983), S. 242-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Percutaneous penetration ; Skin delipidization ; Hydrocortisone ; 1:1:1 trichlorethane ; Industrial solvents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of skin delipidization in humans on the percutaneous penetration of hydrocortisone was investigated in a cross-over trial. The delipidizing agent was 1:1:1 trichlorethane, a common industrial organic solvent. The findings do not show any significant difference in the topical absorption of hydrocortisone with and without skin delipidization. It was postulated that the natural skin barrier was reestablished by the metabolic cutaneous lipid regeneration concomitant with the absorption of the fatty ingredients from the cream.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00416669
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adherence of Pityrosporum orbiculare to human stratum corneum cells (1983)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 275 (1983), S. 246-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Pityrosporum orbiculare ; Adherence ; Human stratum corneum cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This investigation demonstrates the capacity of Pityrosporum orbiculare to adhere to human stratum corneum cells in vitro; this may be an improtant initial step in its colonization of stratum corneum. Adherence was significantly higher when incubation for 120 min (mean 9.4 adherent yeasts) was compared to 60 min (mean 3.5 adherent yeasts, P〈0.001), but not to 90 min (mean 8.6 adherent yeats, P〉0.05). Adherence was higher at an incubation temperature of 37°C (mean 10.0 adherent yeasts) as compared with 25°C (mean 4.0, P〈0.001), but not at 32°C (mean 8.0, P〉0.1). There was no significant difference in adherence related to the anatomic area (forearm, back, and chest) from which the stratum corneum cells have been collected. No difference was seen in adherence between different Pityrosporum strains, but it increased significantly with inoculum size of P. orbiculare, being optimal at 107 cells ml-1. The adherence of P. orbiculare and Staphylococcus epidermidis to stratum corneum cells was not influenced by incubation of the organisms together or alone. This model opens possibilities to study the influence of: stratum corneum cells from diseased skin compared with controls; antibodies; and types of surface receptors and antimycotics on P. orbiculare adherence to stratum corneum cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00416670
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Skin occlusion: Effect on Pityrosporum orbiculare, skin $$P_{{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}} } $$ , pH, transepidermal water loss, and water content (1983)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 275 (1983), S. 383-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Skin occlusion ; Pityrosporum orbiculare ; $$P_{{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}} } $$ ; Transepidermal water loss ; Water content
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of 8 days skin occlusion on Pityrosporum orbiculare, bacteria, skin $$P_{{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}} } $$ , pH, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and water content (WC) was studied. P. orbiculare counts increased from a baseline of 2.1×102/cm2 to 2.3×103/cm2 after 3 days occlusion; bacterial counts increased from 2.9×103/cm2 to 1.8×105/cm2 after 8 days occlusion. pH increased during occlusion from 5.6 to a maximum at day 3 of 6.7; TEWL increased to a maximum of 11.74 g m−2 h− after 3 days occlusion compared with 4.39g m−2 h−1 before. P. orbiculare counts, pH, and TEWL were lower at 8 days than at 3 days occulusion. WC and $$P_{{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}} } $$ remained high after 8 days; relative WC was then 60.6% compared with 52.5% before occlusion; $$P_{{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}} } $$ was 63.1 mm Hg compared with 53.1 mm Hg before occlusion. The increased levels of these factors may partially explain the higher risk of infection in occluded compared with non-occluded skin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00417338
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lindane binding to sections of human skin: Skin capacity and isotherm determinations (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 276 (1984), S. 326-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Lindane ; Skin capacity ; Equilibrium dialysis ; Binding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Human autopsy skin was sliced into three sections; an outer epidermis-rich layer, a middle dermis layer, and an inner dermis and subcutaneous fat layer. Each slice was bathed in lindane solutions over a 50-fold concentration range for 48 h at 37°C. Lindane uptake by the skin was extensive (〈 90%) for all concentrations and all skin slices. Equilibrium dialysis with lindane at 37°C for 24 h showed binding affinities by the skin sections to exceed 98%. The binding constants of the outer skin section (epidermis-rich) were higher than those of the middle and inner sections. The binding attraction for lindane by United States Pharmacopeia (USP) human plasma protein fraction (mean 90.5% bound) resulted in its competitive extraction from the skin slices in a three-compartment dialytic procedure. Since the least binding constants were in the middle and inner layers, and since lindane has a preference for plasma over skin, the two (inner skin and plasma) may combine to create the sink conditions necessary for lindane percutaneous absorption into the body. This plus the high epidermis capacity for lindane explains why in some instances (such as occlusion) high levels of lindane can be percutaneously absorbed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00404626
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Percutaneous penetration of hair dyes (1985)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 277 (1985), S. 235-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Hair dyes ; Percutaneous penetration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Scalp penetration of 7 hair dyes (oxidative and direct) that occurs under conditions of hair dye usage was evaluated for both rhesus monkey and man using 14C labeled materials by quantifying their absorbtion via urine assays. Both species showed a remarkably similar pattern of dye penetration. The extent of scalp penetratoon is slightly higher for direct dyes but in neither case does it exceed 1% of the applied dose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00404323
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vivo relationship between transepidermal water loss and percutaneous penetration of some organic compounds in man: effect of anatomic site (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 279 (1987), S. 351-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Transepidermal water loss ; Percutaneous absorption ; Anatomic site
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The relationship between the percutaneous penetration of four chemicals and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was investigated in vivo in man as a function of anatomic site. The findings showed an appreciable difference in the permeability of the skin from one site to another with regard to both water loss and chemical penetration. In addition, independent of the physicochemical properties of the molecules administered, there was a linear relationship between TEWL and penetration. These data confirm both the importance of anatomic site in the degree of permeability of the cutaneous barrier and the utility of determinations of TEWL and percutaneous absorption in the evaluation of its functional condition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431230
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cutaneous responses to topical methyl nicotinate in black, oriental, and caucasian subjects (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 281 (1989), S. 95-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Methyl nicotinate ; Percutaneous absorption rates ; Microcirculatory sensitivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The response of human skin to topical methyl nicotinate (MN) has been monitored in black, oriental, and caucasian subjects. The study aimed to address the question: “Do racial differences in percutaneous absorption and microcirculatory sensitivity exist?” MN-induced vasodilation was assessed visually and by laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV). At three dose levels, in the three subject populations, four parameters were compared: (a) the diameter of the maximum visually perceptible erythematous area (Emx); (b) the area under the erythematous diameter versus time curve (AUE); (c) the maximum LDV response (Lmx); and (d) the area under the LDV response versus time curve (AUL). At p〈0.05, AUL (black)〉AUL (caucasian) for all MN concentrations; AUL (oriental)〉AUL (caucasian) for the higher dose levels. Emx, AUE and Lmx showed no significant differences between races within concentrations. For all subjects, Emx AUE, and AUL were significantly dependent on MN dose whereas Lmx was not. The results suggest that some racial differences in response to topical MN exist and that perception of these distinctions may depend upon the method of measurement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00426585
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of low level carbon-14 in biologic specimens by wet ashing (1981)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 271 (1981), S. 241-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Percutaneous penetration ; Man ; Animal ; Urine ; Wet ash ; Hautpenetration ; Mensch ; Tier ; Urin ; Feucht-Veraschung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Pharmakokinetische Untersuchungen mit tierischer und menschlicher Haut werden oft vorzugsweise mit niedrigen Spiegeln von C14 durchgeführt. Wir stellen eine effiziente Feucht-Veraschungsmethode vor, die erlaubt, 20 dpm pro Ansatz zu erfassen, was dem doppelten Basiswert entspricht. So können vollständige Untersuchungen mit 1 μCi oder weniger von C14 pro Versuchsobjekt durchgeführt werden.
    Notes: Summary Pharmacokinetic studies of animal and human skin are often advantageously performed with low levels of C-14. We detail an efficient wet ashing method capable of detecting 20 dpm per sample, equivalent to twice the background level, thus permitting complete kinetic assays with 1 μCi or less of C-14 per subject.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00409452
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