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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of the forces exerted during laryngoscopy (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 51 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The forces exerted at laryngoscopy with the McCoy and Macintosh blades have been compared in 40 patients. The variables measured were the duration of laryngoscopy, the three maximally-applied forces and the mean force. The mean (SD) forces recorded were 18.9 (7.82) and 10.1 (5.33) N, respectively, with the Macintosh and the McCoy blades (p 〈 0.001) with a similar duration of laryngoscopy. There was a significant positive correlation between the mean force and patients' weight, height and body mass index for the Macintosh blade but only for weight and height for the McCoy blade. It is concluded that the use of the McCoy blade results in significantly less force being applied during laryngoscopy. This may be the reason for the reduction in the stress response reported previously with the use of the McCoy blade.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1996.tb14955.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of the effects of isoflurane and desflurane on the neuromuscular effects of mivacurium (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 51 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effects of 1 MAC of desflurane and isoflurane (in 66% nitrous oxide) on the potency and duration of action of mivacurium were studied in 80 patients. The ED95 of mivacurium was 86 μg.kg-1 (74–100) and 88μg.kg-1 (76–103) (mean and 95% confidence intervals) during anaesthesia with desflurane and isoflurane respectively. The onset and duration of recovery to 25, 75 and 90% of T1 (first response in the TOF) of 200 μg.kg-1 of mivacurium were 1.4 (0.3) and 1.5 (0.3) min (mean and SD), 22 (4.9) and 19 (4.0), 29 (6.6) and 26 (5.8), and 32 (7.3) and 29 (6.6) min respectively. There was no significant difference in any of the variables between desflurane and isoflurane. It is concluded that the neuromuscular effects of mivacurium are similar during anaesthesia with 1 MAC of desflurane and isoflurane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1996.tb12561.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of thiopentone and propofol on delayed hypersensitivity reactions (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 50 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effects of thiopentone and propofol on delayed hypersensitivity reactions and T lymphocyte proliferation were studied in nine healthy volunteers (five women and four men). Thiopentone 5 mg.kg-1 and propofol 2.5mg kg-1 were given as a 10 min infusion on two separate occasions. The volunteers were exposed to a skin multitest antigen before and after administration of the two agents and their skin reactions assessed. T lymphocyte responses were studied using phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-induced proliferation. Results showed that both drugs caused a significant depression of skin reactions in vivo but no depression in the T lymphocyte proliferation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1995.tb06037.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dose-responses for edrophonium during antagonism of vecuronium block in young and older adult patients (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 50 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The dose-response relationship for edrophonium during antagonism of vecuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade was studied in two groups of adult patients of mean (SD) age 35(10.0) years (n = 42) and 77 (5.4) years (n = 42) respectively. Neuromuscular block was monitored by recording the force of contraction of the adductor pollicis muscle following train-of-four stimulation. Six patients in each age group received 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0, or 1.5mg.kg-1 of edrophonium, or normal saline at 10% recovery of T1 (first response in the train-of-four) after a single dose of vecuronium 0.08mg.kg-1. The train-of-four ratios were recorded continuously over the next 10 min and the values at 1 min intervals from 5min onwards were used to construct the dose-response curves. The dose-response curves showed no significant difference between the two age groups except at 10 min. The estimated dose of edrophonium required for attaining a train-of-four ratio of 0. 7 at 10 min was 0.9 and 1.3 mg.kg-1 in the younger and older groups, respectively (p 〈 0.05).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1995.tb06039.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Postoperative oxygenation in the elderly following general or local anaesthesia for ophthalmic surgery (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 47 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Peripheral oxygen saturation was recorded on the pre-operative night (between 2400 and 0600 h), the immediate postoperative period (first 60 min) and the first postoperative night (2400 to 0600 h) in 18 elderly patients aged 70 years or over presenting for elective ophthalmic surgery. Nine patients had surgery performed under general anaesthesia employing muscle relaxants and controlled ventilation and nine under local anaesthesia using a peribulbar block. The median (interquartile range) percentage of time during which the patients had an oxygen saturation of less than 90% was 0 (0–0.2) and 0.04 (0–0.4) on the pre-operative night, 0.7 (0–1.4) and 0.3 (0–1.2) in the immediate postoperative period, and 0.05 (0–0.16) and 0 (0–0.3) on the postoperative night in the general and local anaesthesia patients respectively. There were no significant differences between general and local anaesthesia in respect of these data and the overall incidence of significant desaturation was low. The present study could not demonstrate any adverse effect of general anaesthesia on oxygen saturation in patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1992.tb04215.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intra-ocular pressure changes during induction of anaesthesia and tracheal intubation (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 43 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Intra-ocular pressure was measured during induction of anaesthesia with propofol (n = 40) or thiopentone (n = 40) followed by vecuronium to facilitate tracheal intubation which was carried out 3 minutes after the administration of relaxant. The average induction doses were 2.15 and 4.83 mg/kg for propofol and thiopentone, respectively. Half the patients in each group received a supplementary dose of the same induction agent (propofol 1.0 mg/kg or thiopentone 20 mg/kg) prior to intubation. Both propofol and thiopentone produced a significant reduction in intra-ocular pressure which decreased further after administration of vecuronium as well as the second smaller dose of the induction agents. Intra-ocular pressure prior to intubation was lower in the two propofol groups in comparison to the corresponding thiopentone groups. Intubation was associated with an increase in intra-ocular pressure but it still remained significantly below the baseline values except in the group given one dose of thiopentone. Supplementary doses of inducation agents before intubation attenuated the increase in intra-ocular pressure. Propofol was significantly more effective this respect and this group showed the lowest intra-ocular pressure throughout the study period. However administration of propofol resulted in a 30% incidence of pain on injection and a decrease in systolic arterial pressure of more than 30% in about half the patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1988.tb09071.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time course of action of combinations of vecuronium and pancuronium (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 41 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg, puncuronium 0.1 mg/kg, vecuronium 0.075 mg/kg t pancuronium 0.025 mg/kg, vecuronium + pancuronium 0.05 mg/kg each and vecuronium 0.025 mg/kg + pancuronium 0.075 mg/kg were compared with respect to time tuken to onset oj effect, duration of clinical relaxation and intubation conditions in jive groups of 20 patients each. Thi. time to onset and intubating conditions were similar in all thc groups. indicating that the combinations have no advantage over the individual drugs. The duration of clinicul relaxation was 25 minutes with vecuronium, and increased as the proportion of pancuronium in the niixturc increased, being 56 minutes with pancuronium 0.I mg/kg.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1986.tb13170.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Failure of two benzodiazepines to prevent suxamethonium-induced muscle pain (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 40 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In a randomised double-blind trial carried out on fit, unpremedicated patients undergoing standard minor operations with early postoperative mobility, using a standard form of anaesthesia, pretreatment with diazepam 0.15 mg/kg or midazolam 0.1 mg/kg failed to reduce significantly the incidence of postoperative muscle pains following suxamethonium 1 mg/kg. By contrast, tubocurarine 0.05 mg/kg proved to be effective as a pretreatment. Neither benzodiazepine influenced the incidence or severity of fasciculations seen with suxamethonium or the duration of neuromuscular block. Tubocurarine virtually abolished visible fasciculation and, in the dose used, reduced the intensity and duration of the neuromuscular block. There were no clinically significant changes in serum potassium, creatinine phosphokinase or aldolase after suxamethonium, although 5 out of 47 showed an atypical rise in creatinine phosphokinase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1985.tb10753.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of intravenous administration of glycopyrrolate and atropine in anaesthetised patients (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 36 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effects of glycopyrrolate in doses of 5, 10 and 15 μ/kg and atropine 10, 20 and 30 μ/kg on heart rate and rhythm were studied in anaesthetised patients. Both drugs produced a dose-related increase in heart rate. Glycopyrrolate was approximately twice as potent as atropine in increasing heart rate. The average time taken to achieve peak effect was 2.6 and 3.7 minutes for atropine and glycopyrrolate respectively, and this was significantly different. The smallest doses of both drugs were generally associated with supraventricular dysrhythmias, whereas these were mainly ventricular following the highest doses of both drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1981.tb10200.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recovery of mivacurium block with or without anticholinesterases following administration by continuous infusion (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 49 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Thirty patients received a bolus dose of 0.2mg.kg-1 of mivacurium followed by an infusion during anaesthesia with thiopentone, fentanyl and halothane. Neuromuscular block was monitored using train-of-four stimulation and mechanomyography and the block maintained to keep the first response in the train-of-four (T1) at 10% of control. At the end of surgery the patients were randomly allocated to reversal with neostigmine or edrophonium or to spontaneous recovery. The mean dosage of mivacurium for maintaining the T1 at 10% was 5.7 μg.kg-1.min-1. There was a significant (r =–0.81, p 〈 0.001) negative correlation between time to recovery of T1 to 10% after the bolus dose and infusion rate. The times taken for T1 to reach 25, 75 and 90% of control and for the train-of-four ratio to reach 0.7 were significantly shorter (p 〈 0.05 to 0.001) with neostigmine and edrophonium compared to the spontaneously recovering group. The average (SD) times for attaining the train-of-four ratio of 0.7 were 7.0 (1.2), 6.8 (1.4) and 13.5 (2.3) min respectively for neostigmine, edrophonium and spontaneously recovering groups. There were no differences between endrophonium and neostigmine in any of the recovery times.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1994.tb04309.x
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