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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 84 (1977), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) and associated haematological parameters were measured throughout the normal menstrual cycle, in each trimester of pregnancy and on the third day post partum. There was no significant change during the menstrual cycle but the 2,3-DPG concentration was increased early in pregnancy, and thereafter gradually decreased. Although other metabolic changes are likely to contribute to the increase in 2,3-DPG concentration, it is concluded that ‘functional anaemia’, secondary to increased oxygen demand, is a more important stimulus than the decrease in haemoglobin concentration. The implications of a decreased oxygen affinity of haemoglobin, secondary to the rise in 2,3-DPG concentration, are discussed in relation to anaemia and blood transfusion in pregnancy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 80 (1973), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Changes in the major biochemical constituents of maternal plasma have been followed serially in five women who became pregnant after ovulation-induction therapy. The observed changes do not differ significantly from those which occur in normal pregnancies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 79 (1972), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The mean random blood concentration of non-glucose reducing substances is lower in 540 pregnant women than in 56 non-pregnant controls. The mean blood levels of non-glucose reducing substances were also measured during a 50 g. oral glucose tolerance test on 412 women in pregnancy and the puerperium and were little different from random levels; the levels at 2½ hours were lower than those fasting. A significant negative correlation of blood glucose levels and those of non-glucose reducing substances may be a technical artefact, although a functional relationship cannot be excluded. The levels of non-glucose reducing substances do not appear to increase during pregnancy, but the range of values is so wide, and at present, unpredictable that blood glucose should be measured by a method for “true” glucose in pregnant women as in others.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 86 (1979), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Subjective assessment of daily fetal movement rates is a simple clinical guide to fetal well-being. Fetal death is unlikely to occur until the rate falls below 10 movements/l2 hours whilst a rate of less than 21 movements/l2 hours is strongly associated with a small-for-dates fetus and indicates the necessity for further assessment of placental function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 85 (1978), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 83 (1976), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The oestrogen response to ovulation-induction by gonadotrophins initiates a preovulation rise in total leucocytes and promotes fluid retention. In consequence of the latter, cyclic changes occur in blood haemoglobin and the haematocrit. The level of oestrone excretion in the follicular phase of induced cycles indicates that multiple follicular development probably occurs, and this also appears to affect the luteal phase. It seems likely, therefore, that the data present a rather exaggerated picture of the situation which obtains in normal menstrual cycles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 79 (1972), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The postpartum rise in seromucoid, which is an heterogenous acid-soluble glycoprotein sub-fraction, is related to placentalweight in primigravidae but not in multigravidae. This observation supports the view that primigravidae, who have had no previous exposure to paternal histocompatibility antigens, depend on glycoprotein to mask the trophoblast from the cellular immune response. With previous exposure to paternal histocompatibility antigens, as in multigravidae, the maternal antibodies so formed may coat the trophoblast and thus reduce the need for a covering of nonspecific glycoprotein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 79 (1972), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The plasma levels of total protein, albumin, urea and α-amino nitrogen have been compared in primigravidae and multigravidae. At 10 weeks the plasma total protein concentration is significantly higher in multigravidae than in primigravidae and the plasma urea levels show a similar pattern, but the difference is not statistically significant; the plasma albumin and α-amino nitrogen levels at 10 weeks are the same for each parity group. Between 10 and 28 weeks there is a decrease in the plasma levels of total protein, albumin and urea; this fall is greater for multigravidae than for primigravidae, but the difference is less marked with albumin. Plasma α-amino nitrogen concentrations, however, appear to increase between 10 and 28 weeks, especially in primigravidae. Multigravidae show a decrease in plasma total protein, albumin and α-amino nitrogen levels between 28 and 37 weeks, but primigravidae show a significant fall only in plasma albumin concentrations; plasma urea levels do not change significantly during this period. After delivery the plasma concentrations of urea and α-amino nitrogen increase significantly and the levels of total protein and albumin decrease, but the changes are not statistically significant. The puerperal plasma total protein concentrations are lower in multigravidae than in primigravidae, who exhibit a bimodal frequency distribution; once again urea levels reflect the same tendency. In discussing the physiological implications of these results it is suggested that they are consistent with the hypothesis that plasma volume expansion is an important causative factor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective–To compare routine versus highly selective use of Doppler ultrasound and biophysical scoring in higher risk pregnancy. Design–A pragmatic randomized trial. Setting–St James's University Hospital, Leeds. Subjects–500 pregnant women at high risk of intrauterine growth retardation or still birth. Interventions–Regular monitoring with biophysical profile assessment and Doppler velocity waveform recording in umbilical and uteroplacental arteries. Results immediately available to clinicians. Main outcome measures–Gestational age al delivery, obstetric intervention rates and short-term neonatal morbidity. Results–Risk factors were distributed very evenly between the 250 patients in the study and control groups respectively. A total of 902 biophysical profile and Doppler assessments were done in the 250 study group patients and only in 12 patients in the control group. In the study group, absent end-diastolic flow was found in only 2.7% of all 902 measurements. A persistently abnormal biophysical score was always associated with absence of end-diastolic flow. The mean gestational age at induction of labour was statistically and clinically similar in the two groups and there was no overall statistically significant difference in intervention rates between the two groups. There was a statistically significant lower frequency of depressed 5-min Apgar scores in the study group. Serious neonatal morbidity was also statistically significantly more common in the control group than in the study group. Conclusions–The use of Doppler ultrasound in higher risk pregnancies does not lead to an increase in iatrogenic preterm delivery. The total rate of positive tests on Doppler ultrasound is very low and persistently abnormal biophysical scores are unlikely to be found in patients where umbilical end-diastolic blood flow is present. Surrogate measures for fetal damage seem to be improved when clinicians have access to Doppler ultrasound assessments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 83 (1976), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effects of ovulation induction on some plasma solute concentrations were investigated serially in eleven women, nine of whom conceived in that cycle. Increasing oestrogen output during the follicular phase was associated with decreasing levels of osmolality, urea, total protein and the albumin free protein fraction. Smaller decreases in the concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride, carbon dioxide combining power (CO2CP) and albumin were not statistically significant. The luteal phase was marked by a rise in osmolality and a fall in CO2CP but no other significant changes. Levels of osmolality, sodium and potassium fell in early pregnancy when oestrogen output was further increased. These results appear consistent with an oestrogen induced expansion of the extracellular fluid compartment by retention of water in excess of solute, which might also account for the similar changes in pregnancy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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