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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of Substrate Potentiality and Inhibitory Effects to Identify High Risk Spices for Aflatoxin Contamination (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 50 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Growth and aflatoxin production by A. parasiticus (NRRL 2999) on autoclaved whole, ground and also surface sterilized black pepper, cardamom, red pepper, dry ginger and turmeric were studied. Cardamom did not support detectable fungal growth or aflatoxin production. Black pepper and turmeric appeared to be poor sub-strates as they supported comparatively less fungal growth and afla-toxin production. Red pepper and ginger were found to be better substrates for fungal growth as well as for aflatoxin production. Ether and chloroform extracts of cardamom and turmeric inhibited aflatoxin production almost completely. The inhibitory activity of cardamom oil and curcumin indicated that they might be the active principles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1985.tb13406.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    AFLATOXIN LIKE FLUORESCENT SUBSTANCES IN SPICES (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food safety 7 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4565
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: To minimize the risk of misidentifying some blue fluorescent substances inherent in spices as aflatoxin during analysis, several confirmatory chemical tests and developing solvent systems were evaluated. Chemical confirmation with 20% HCl, 20% H2SO4 and TFA and TLC development in chloroform + acetone (95:5 v/v) followed by anhydrous diethyl ether (multiple development) were useful to obviate the interfering fluorescent substances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4565.1985.tb00501.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrolysis of ochratoxin A by the microbial activity of digesta in the gastrointestinal tract of rats (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 23 (1992), S. 468-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study established the influence of dietary neomycin sulphate on the rate of hydrolysis of ochratoxin A (OA) by digesta from the intestine, and its effect on the excretion of OA and its hydrolyzed metabolite, alpha ochratoxin (Oα), in the urine and feces of the rat. The first in vitro study demonstrated that digesta from the cecum and the large intestine were able to hydrolyze OA whereas digesta from the small intestine and stomach had very low hydrolytic activity against this substrate. Homogenates of the liver had no hydrolytic activity. The second in vivo study demonstrated that digesta from the large intestine and cecum of the neomycin treated rats was much less effective (P〈0.001) in promoting the hydrolysis of OA than digesta from the control rats. Neomycin when added directly to the in vitro system, however, did not affect the rate at which OA was hydrolyzed. In a third study, OA was administered in vivo to control and neomycin-treated rats. Rats fed the neomycin containing diet compared to those fed the control diet had a higher concentration (P〈0.005) of blood OA, and a greater cumulative excretion of OA plus Oα over the entire 5 day collection period in the feces (P〈0.0001) and a corresponding decrease in the cumulative excretion of OA plus Oα in the urine (P〈0.0001). Individually, there was a marked increase in cumulative fecal excretion of OA (P〈0.05) and a corresponding decrease in excretion of Oα (P〈0.05). Individual OA and Oα values in the urine tended to follow an opposite pattern to that seen in the feces but the differences were not significant (P〈0.05). Overall, the results demonstrate that an antibiotic such as neomycin when added to the diet greatly reduces the rate of hydrolysis of OA by digesta from the lower sections of the gastrointestinal tract. Neomycin also alters the pattern of excretion of OA and Oα in the feces and possibly the urine in rats fed OA. These results suggest that intestinal microorganisms affect disposition of OA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00203811
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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