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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative analysis of the spinal cord motoneuron under chronic compression: an experimental observation in the mouse (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 243 (1996), S. 109-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Spinal cord compression ; Motoneuron ; Topography ; Nissl stain ; Tiptoe-walking Yoshimura (twy) mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated quantitative changes in spinal cord motoneurons following chronic compression using a mouse model of cervical cord compression. Twenty-five tiptoe-walking Yoshimura (twy) mice with calcified mass lesions compressing the spinal cord posterolaterally at the C1–C2 vertebral levels were compared with five Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice that served as controls. Spinal cord motoneurons in the anterior grey horn between the C1 and C3 spinal cord segments were Nissl-stained and counted topographically and then analysed in relation to the extent of spinal cord compression. The number of motoneurons in C1–C3 spinal cord segments decreased significantly with a linear correlation with the transverse area of the spinal cord when the cord was compressed to 50–70% of control values. A significant reduction in the number of motoneurons occurred at the C2–C3 spinal cord segment compressed at the C1–C2 vertebral level. In contrast, at the level rostral to the C1 vertebra, the number of motoneurons increased significantly in proportion to the magnitude of compression. The current study demonstrates that a number of neurons, morphologically consistent with anterior horn cells, were observed at a rostral site absolutely free of external compression where no such cells normally exist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02443999
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasticity of the spinal cord contributes to neurological improvement after treatment by cervical decompression (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 244 (1997), S. 455-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Magnetic resonance imaging ; Morphometry ; Myelopathy ; Cervical spinal cord ; Plasticity ; Neurological ; improvement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To investigate the relationship between morphological plasticity of the spinal cord and neurological outcome after surgery for compressive lesions, we correlated the transverse area of the cervical spinal cord measured by transaxial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) obtained during the early postoperative period (1–6 months) with neurological function assessed at a median postoperative follow-up period of 2.5 years. Measurements on MRI in 56 patients (35 men and 21 women) included evaluation of the cross-sectional area of the cervical cord and the subarachnoidal space at the level of decompression. The transverse area of the cervical cord increased by 30 to 62% postoperatively and that of the subarachnoidal space by 57 to 95%. Neurological improvement was noted in all patients and averaged 63% in our assessment scale. Expansion of the cervical cord during the early postoperative period correlated significantly with the late postoperative neurological status (P = 0.009). Our results suggest that an increase in the cross-sectional area of the cervical spinal cord, representing spinal cord morphological plasticity, is a significant factor in determining the late neurological improvement following decompressive surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004150050122
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lordotic alignment and posterior migration of the spinal cord following en bloc open-door laminoplasty for cervical myelopathy: A magnetic resonance imaging study (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 243 (1996), S. 626-632 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Cervical laminoplasty ; Spinal cord ; Lordosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated lordotic alignment and posterior migration of the spinal cord following en bloc open-door laminoplasty for cervical myelopathy. Fifty-five patients (32 men and 23 women) were studied, with an average follow-up of 2.4 years. Radiological examination included evaluation of lordosis of the cervical spine and spinal cord, degree of enlargement of bony spinal canal, and the magnitude of posterior cord migration. We also correlated these changes with neurological improvement. Postoperatively, there was an average of 5% loss of cervical spine lordosis (P 〉 0.01) on radiographs and 12% reduction in the lordotic alignment of the spinal cord (P 〉 0.05) on magnetic resonance imaging. Postoperatively, the size of the bony spinal canal increased by 48%. Posterior cord migration showed a significant correlation with the preoperative cervical spine and spinal cord lordosis (P 〈 0.05). Thirty-seven (67%) patients with neurological improvement exceeding 50% showed significant posterior cord migration following laminoplasty compared with those demonstrating less than 50% improvement (P = 0.01). Our results suggest that a significant neurological improvement is associated with posterior cord migration after cervical laminoplasty.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00878657
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three-dimensional topographic analysis of spinal accessory motoneurons under chronic mechanical compression: an experimental study in the mouse (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 244 (1997), S. 222-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Spinal accessory nerve ; Motoneuron ; Three-dimensional topography ; Wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase ; Tiptoe-walking Yoshimura (twy) mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the effect of chronic mechanical compression of the cervical spinal cord on the number of spinal accessory motoneurons in 25 tiptoe-walking Yoshimura mice. The animals had calcified deposits in the atlantoaxial membrane at the C1–C2 vertebral level, compressing the spinal cord posterolaterally. Motoneurons of the spinal accessory nerve between C1 and C5 segments were labelled using wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) injected into the sternocleidomastoid muscles. The counted cells were processed into a three-dimensional computer display to analyse the cytoarchitectonic changes caused by external cord compression. The number of WGA-HRP-labelled spinal accessory motoneurons was significantly reduced on the affected side. The number of motoneurons in compromised C2 and C3 cord segments correlated linearly with the extent of mechanical compression, but no such relationship was present on the contralateral side. There was an increase in the number of WGA-HRP-labelled spinal accessory motoneurons in the medial cell pools of the anterior grey horn at a level most rostral to the compression, and in the ventrolateral cell pools at levels immediately rostral to the compression. Our findings suggest that the spinal accessory motoneurons translocate rostral to the area of external compression in order to avoid mechanical injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004150050076
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histological investigation of spinal cord lesions in the spinal hyperostotic mouse (twy/twy): morphological changes in anterior horn cells and immunoreactivity to neurotropic factors (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 245 (1998), S. 781-793 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Spinal accessory ; motoneuron ; Anterior horn cell ; Neurotrophins ; Wheat germ ; agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase ; Tiptoe-walking Yoshimura (twy) mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We examined the morphology of spinal accessory motoneurons and immunoreactivity to neurotrophins, brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin (NT)-3, as well as the presence of reactive astrocytosis in 70 tiptoe walking Yoshimura (twy) mice that develop calcification at C1-C2 vertebral level compressing the spinal cord. At the level of compression, the area of neuronal soma and total length of dendrites of wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP)-labelled accessory motoneurons in the medial cell pool decreased significantly with decrement in motoneuron population, relative to the control. In contrast, at sites rostral to the compressive lesion, a significant enlargement of the neuron soma and dendritic elongation were noted, associated with increased motoneuron population and decreased transverse area of the cord at the level of compression. At this site, enhanced BDNF and NT-3 immunoreactivities were evident in the anterior horn cells. In mice with a more severe degree of compression, astrocyte-like cells showing BDNF immunoreactivity became abundant and axons in the anterior column demonstrated a marked NT-3 immunoreactivity. Our results suggest increased functional activity of anterior horn cells at levels rostral to the site of compression. We speculate that the presence of BDNF and NT-3 in neurons and astrocyte-like cells is proportionate to the severity of chronic mechanical compression and may contribute to the heterotropic neuronal reserve and survival.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004150050287
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