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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 21 (1972), S. 239-252 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; Myotendon ; Zebra-Bodies (ladder-like structure) ; Rods
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the adult and foetal human myotendon is described. At the myotendon the muscle fibre is surrounded by plasma and basement membranes which are never penetrated by the adjacent collagen fibrils of the tendon. Increased thickness and electron density of the plasma membrane and the myofilaments which merge with it occur at the myotendon and this electron dense zone corresponds to the terminal Z-line of the final sarcomere of the myofibril. In the adult the muscle fibre near the myotendon may contain nemaline rods and zebra-bodies. The tendon in the foetus shows much more activity of the fibroblasts than in the normal adult. The collagen fibrils of the early foetus are thinner in diameter than at later stages of development. The union of the tendon with cartilage is illustrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 26 (1973), S. 85-92 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Haematomyelia ; Intramedullary Metastasis ; Renal Carcinoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of haematomyelia due to metastasis of renal carcinoma is reported. The presence of tumour cells immediately adjacent to a thin walled renal vein suggests that metastasis was via the venous system to the central nervous system. Further the occurrence of tumour cells around the anterior spinal vessels and within the anterior spinal and intramedullary veins makes it likely that rupture of these veins by the tumour gave rise to the haematomyelia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 30 (1974), S. 225-242 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; Optic Nerve ; Schilder's Disease ; Devic's Disease ; Disseminated Sclerosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the optic nerve is described and compared in: a)Schilder's Disease, b)Devic's Disease, c)Disseminated Sclerosis. a) Schilder's Disease. Parts of the nerve were demyelinated, sometimes extensively so and from these regions the oligodendrocytes had disappeared and there was proliferation of astrocytes. Parallel bundles of fibres with a “railway line” formation, occurred in the cytoplasm of the astrocytes. Phagocytes infiltrated the damaged nerve bundles and the fibrous septa between them. Osmiophilic particles occurred in the astrocytes, capillary endothelial cells and in the phagocytes. The collagen fibres of some septa were widely separated presumably by fluid. b) Devic's Disease. This condition occurred in a patient with active pulmonary tuberculosis. The nerve was extensively demyelinated and showed absence of oligodendrocytes, proliferation of astrocytes and infiltration by macrophages. Some astrocytes possessed Rosenthal fibres. Intranuclear inclusions occurred in the astrocytes and electron dense cytoplasmic inclusions in the capillary endothelial cells and the macrophages. c) Disseminated Sclerosis. Parts of the nerve were partially and other parts completely demyelinated. Oligodendrocytes were absent from the completely demyelinated zones but were present in the partially demyelinated zones. In and around the demyelinated regions, there was proliferation of astrocytes and they frequently exhibited the “railway line” patterns in their cytoplasm. Phagocytes were frequent amongst the degenerating myelin and the proliferating astrocytes and also in the fibrous septa. Some macrophages presented intranuclear inclusions having a “corn on the cob” appearance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 14 (1970), S. 345-349 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Haemangioendothelioma ; Spleen ; Metastases ; Brain ; Heart
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bericht über einen 45jährigen Mann mit primärem Hämangioendotheliom der Milz mit Metastasen in Herz und Gehirn.
    Notes: Summary The case of a man of 45 with a primary haemangioendothelioma of the spleen with metastases in the heart and brain, is reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 13 (1969), S. 217-239 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Peripheral Nerves ; Nerve Degeneration ; Nerve Regeneration Ageing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Durch kombinierte licht- und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung des N. suralis von 7 normalen menschlichen Probanden im Alter von 15–59 Jahren wird die altersabhängige Zunahme der Zahl degenerierender markhaltiger Fasern bestätigt. Eine früh im Verlauf des Lebens einsetzende Destruktion unbemarkter Fasern wird erstmals mitgeteilt. Die Verlaufsfolge in der Involution unbemarkter Fasern ist eine Sprossung ihrer Schwann-Zellen, die von fortschreitender Denervation und Axonsprossung gefolgt ist. Die Bedeutung der verschiedenen direkten und indirekten Hinweise auf die Schädigung von Nervenfasern wird diskutiert. Die Relevanz von Denervation und Regeneration von Fasern für die Erfassung pathologischer Veränderungen bei langsam fortschreitenden Schädigungen peripherer Nerven wird betont.
    Notes: Summary In a combined light and electron microscope study of sural nerves of seven normal individuals, aged between 15 and 59 years, the increase with age in the number of degenerating myelinated fibres is confirmed. Destruction of unmyelinated fibres starting early in life is reported for the first time. The sequence of events in the involution of unmyelinated fibres was found to be the budding of their Schwann cells followed by increasing evidence of their denervation and axonal sprouting. Comments are made on the value of several direct and indirect indices of destruction of nerve fibres. The relevance of denervation and regeneration of fibres in assessing pathological change in slowly progressive disorders of peripheral nerves is emphasised.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 28 (1974), S. 167-173 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Ultrastructure of Arachnoid ; Dark and Clear Cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The arachnoid membrane in man is formed of two layers of cells. Those of the outermost layer are very electron dense and have long interweaving processes containing numerous vacuoles. Spaces which may appear empty or contain granular material may separate these cells and their processes. Beneath this outer layer is an inner layer consisting of groups of less electron dense cells, their interweaving processes and collections of collagen fibres and fibrillar material. Desmosomes are frequent between the cells. Occasional electron dense cells occur amongst the clear cells and desmosomes occur between them. The internal aspect of the layer of dark cells is covered by an interrupted layer of basement membrane and a space may occur between it and basement membrane overlying the outer aspect of the clear cells. In places, however, only a single layer of basement membrane separates the dark and clear cells or they may be in close contact, desmosomes being present between them. Basement membrane separates the superficial dark cells from the collagen fibres of the inner layer of the arachnoid membrane and amongst the collagen occur elongated electron dense cells similar to fibroblasts. Macrophages occur within the subarachnoid space. Sometimes the arachnoid and the pia mater are in contiguity and the subarachnoid space is not apparent. Evidence of bulk flow of cerebrospinal fluid into the subdural space via the arachnoid membrane was not found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 47 (1979), S. 161-162 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Eingerprint inclusions ; Circular structures ; Mitochondrial changes ; Neuropathy ; Polymycsitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fingerprint inclusions, circular structures of unknown origin, mitochondrial changes, dilatation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, rods of Z-line material, elongated T-systems, honeycombs, and myelin figures were present in some damaged muscle fibres. Many damaged fibres showed loss of myofilaments and groups of atrophied fibres occurred. The muscle biopsy was from the left biceps brachii and presented also the changes of polymyostis. The patient had muscle weakness, malignant hypertension, alcoholism, polyarthropathy, and evidence of mild peripheral neuropathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 13 (1969), S. 197-216 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Peripheral Nerves ; Axons ; Myelin Sheaths ; Schwann Cells ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine kombinierte licht- und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung am normalen N. suralis von 7 Menschen im Alter von 15–59 Jahren wurde vorgenommen. Qualitative und quantitative Beobachtungen an Schwann-Zellen und Fibroblasten, markhaltigen und marklosen Fasern wurden an isolierten Faszikeln durchgeführt. Schwannzellen überwiegen gegenüber Fibroblasten im Verhältnis von etwa 9:1. Die meisten Schwannzellen (etwa 80%) liegen an marklosen Fasern. Die Faktoren, welche die Dichte dieser Zellen pro Querschnittsareal beeinflußen, werden diskutiert. Einige ultrastrukturelle Befunde an bemarkten Fasern werden beschrieben und ihre Zahl pro mm2 sowie die Häufigkeitsverteilung ihrer Dicke wird angegeben. Eine indirekte Methode zur Bestimmung der mittleren Internodienlänge für jede der Markfasergrößenpopulationen an Querschnitten von Faszikeln normaler Nerven durch Bestimmung des Verhältnisses der markhaltigen Fasersegmente zu ihrer Kernzahl wird vorgeschlagen. Die Ultrastruktur der marklosen Nervenfaern wird beschrieben und die Identifizierung dieser Axone mit extremen Durchmessern diskutiert. Ihre Dichte und Größenfrequenzhistogramme sind die ersten, die am Menschen durch systematische elektronenoptische Untersuchungen veröffentlicht werden. Das mittlere Verhältnis von marklosen zu bemarkten Fasern ist etwa 3,7:1 und schwankt in den Faszikeln der Einzelindividuen.
    Notes: Summary A combined light and electron microscope study of the normal sural nerve in 7 people aged 15–59 years is reported. Qualitative and quantitative studies of the Schwann cells and fibroblasts, myelinated and unmyelinated fibres are made in isolated fascicles. Schwann cells predominate over fibroblasts in the ratio of about 9-1. Most Schwann cells, almost 80%, are attached to unmyelinated fibres. Factors influencing the densities of these cells per cross sectional area are discussed. Some ultrastructural features of the myelinated fibres are described and their numbers per sq.mm and frequency distribution of their sizes are produced. An indirect method is proposed for assessing the mean internodal length for earch of the myelinated fibre size populations in cross sections of fascicles of normal nerves by estimating the proportion of myelinated segments cut through their nucleus. The ultrastructure of unmyelinated fibres is described and the identification of axons of extreme diameter is discussed. Their densities and size frequency histograms are the first to be reported in man by systematic electron microscope studies. The average ratio of unmyelinated to myelinated fibre density is about 3.7:1 though it varies in the fascicles of the different individuals. The implications of axonal diameter in the presence of myelin are commented on.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 16 (1970), S. 161-172 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Muscular Dystrophy ; Quadriceps Muscle ; Ring Fibres ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine Biopsie des M. vastus lateralis bei einem 49 jährigen Mann mit langsam progressiver Myopathie mit isoliertem Befall der Mm. quadriceps wurde untersucht. Es fanden sich zahlreiche atrophische Fasern und Ringbinden. Die atrophischen Fasern zeigten Zunahme an Glykogen und Mitochondrien sowie Verlust der Myofibrillen als geringere Läsionen sowie Fragmentierung und grobe Desorganisation der Myofilamente in den stärker betroffenen Fasern. Ausstülpungen der Basalmembran ragten aus ihrer Oberfläche vor. Phagocyten traten in wenigen degenerierten Fasern und in den Basalmembranschläuchen auf. Alle untersuchten Ringbinden hatten einen intakten Längskern mit einem eng anliegenden zirkulären Band von Myofibrillen. Schwere Veränderungen, wie sie in den atrophischen Fasern vorlagen, waren in den Ringbinden nicht anzutreffen. Die degenerativen Veränderungen beschränkten sich auf die umgebenden Myofibrillen, die Verlust der Myofilamente verschiedenen Grades sowie Anhäufungen von Glykogen und Mitochondrien aufwiesen. Die Verff. sind der Meinung, daß die Ringbinden originäre Strukturen und keine Artefakte durch Fixation oder bioptische Eingriffe darstellen.
    Notes: Summary A biopsy was taken from the vastus lateralis of a man of 49 years with slowly progressive myopathy largely confined to the quadriceps muscles. Both atrophic fibres and ring fibres were numerous. The atrophic fibres showed increase in glycogen and mitochondria and loss of myofilaments as the lesser changes, with fragmentation and gross disorganisation of myofilaments in the more severely affected fibres. Folds of basement membrane projected from their surfaces. Phagocytes occurred in a few degenerate fibres and in basement membrane tubes. All the ring fibres examined had an intact longitudinal core with a closely applied encircling band of myofibrils. Severe changes of the type found in the atrophic fibres were not seen in the ring fibres. Degenerative changes were confined to the circumferential myofibrils, which presented loss of myofilaments of varying degree and aggregations of glycogen and mitochondria. We believe that ring fibres are genuine structures and are not artefacts produced either by fixation or by the biopsy procedure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 28 (1974), S. 79-86 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; Human Outer Cortex ; Pia Mater
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pia mater consists of a single, interrupted layer of elongated cells which lie fairly close to the surface of the cortex. Granular material and some collagen fibres lie between the pial cells and the cortex, a greater amount of collagen being present where the pial cells are discontinuous. Basement membrane covers the outer aspect of the cortex, the outer layer of which is formed by interlacing astrocyte processes of varying size. The processes are closely applied with occasional desmosomes between them. Projections of astrocyte processes of different dimensions covered by basement membrane extend at irregular intervals from the cortex into the subarachnoid space.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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