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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    HUMAN POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTE ELASTASE AND CATHEPSIN G MEDIATE THE DEGRADATION OF LAPINE ARTICULAR CARTILAGE PROTEOGLYCAN (1975)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 256 (1975), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1975.tb36051.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Species differences in cell culture of mammalian articular chondrocytes (1977)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 23 (1977), S. 61-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Cartilage, articular ; Tissue culture ; Species specificity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Summary Articular chondrocytes from eight mammalian species (rabbit, opossum, woodchuck, cat, dog, sheep, rhesus and cebus monkeys) were grown in monolayer culture using a single regimen. The animals were immature or young adult. ham's F12 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum was employed for the primary cultures and Dulbecco-Vogt medium, for the secondary. Marked species differences were found with respect to cell morphology, growth in primary and secondary cultures, incorporation of radiosulfate into macromolecules, adhesion to the flask surface, response to vitamin C, and chondroid expression in spinner bottles. Under these particular conditions, rabbit chondrocytes grew most rapidly and incorporated several times more sulfate than did the others. Additional experiments carried out with other media on four of the species indicate that optimal conditions for culturing mammalian chondrocytes must be determined for each species individually.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02012767
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stimulation of sulfated-proteoglycan synthesis by forskolin in monolayer cultures of rabbit articular chondrocytes (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 129 (1986), S. 51-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Forskolin, a plant cardiotonic diterpene, stimulated proteoglycan biosynthesis by chondrocytes in monolayer culture. The quantitative increase in proteoglycans was dependent on the concentration of forskolin, but was relatively independent of the presence of serum. At forskolin concentrations that stimulated proteoglycan synthesis, a significant stimulation of adenylate cyclase and cAMP was also measured. The quantitative increase in proteoglycans was characterized, qualitatively, by an increased deposition of newly synthesized proteoglycan in the cell-associated fraction. An analysis of the most dense proteoglycans (fraction dA1) in the cell-associated fraction showed that more of the proteoglycans eluted in the void volume of a Sepharose CL-2B column, indicating that an increased amount of proteoglycan aggregate was synthesized in forskolin-treated cultures. The proteoglycan monomer dA1D1 secreted into the culture medium of forskolin-stimulated cultures overlapped in hydrodynamic size with that of control cultures, although cultures stimulated with forskolin and phosphodiesterase inhibitors produced even larger proteoglycans. The hydrodynamic size of 35SO4 and 3H-glucosamine-labelled glycosaminoglycans isolated from the dA1D1 fraction of the culture medium was greater in forskolin-treated chondrocytes, especially from those in which phosphodiesterase inhibitors had been added. These results indicated that forskolin, a direct activator of chondrocyte adenylate cyclase mimicked the effects of cAMP analogues on chondrocyte proteoglycan synthesis previously reported. These results implicate activation of adenylate cyclase as a regulatory event in the biosynthesis of cartilage proteoglycans, and more specifically in the production of hydrodynamically larger glycosaminoglycans.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041290108
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Some biological characteristics of a pituitary growth factor (CGF) for cultured lapine articular chondrocytesPortions of this study were taken from a dissertation submitted by C. J. M. in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy from The George Washington University. (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 84 (1974), S. 171-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: A recently described pituitary chondrocyte growth factor (CGF) is a contaminant of several related glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH and HCG). Chondrocytes were cultured from rabbits two to three months old. Bovine TSH (NIH) 69.5 μg/ml, used as the source of CGF, reduced the generation time from 16 to 10 hours through a virtual effacement of the G1 period. Incorporation of 3H-thymidine declined rapidly after 48 hours from maximal values (control 300 cpm/μg DNA; CGF, 679). Total DNA accumulated thereafter until 116 hours when the figures were 36 and 98 μg/flask, respectively. Little growth response occurred in spinner cultures. CGF lowered plating efficiency from 4.5 to 2.3%. The stimulatory effect diminished when CGF was removed from the medium. The treated cells were smaller and contained less protein and RNA than controls. They synthesized smaller quantitites of sulfated mucopolysaccharides (chondroitin sulfates 4,6 and doubly sulfated chondroitin as well as some dermatan sulfate) but hyaluronate production was not diminished.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040840203
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Response of articular chondrocytes to pituitary fibroblst growth factor (FGF) (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 112 (1982), S. 51-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Rabbit chondrocytes from pooled articular joints have been delineated by their time of attachment of culture flasks after initiation of primary monolayer culture, either attached (48-AT) or floating (48-F) after 48 hours. A general population of chrondrocytes (attached after 72 hours, 72-AT) was also studied. The growth-promoting activity of pituitary fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and its effect on sulfated-proteoglycan synthesis was studied on each chondrocyte population in secondary monolayer culture. 3H-thymidine incorporation during a 1-hour pulse was stimulated by FGF (100 ng/ml) in each chondrocyte population. The response of AT-72 chondrocytes to FGF required an additional fetal bovine serum supplement, while 48-F cells resonded independent of serum. The response of 48-AT chondrocytes to FGF (100 ng/ml) during a 1-hour pulse with 3H-thymidine was increased in low serum (0.5-2.0%) rather than when high serum (8-10%) was present in the culture medium. FGF reduced 35SO4 incorporation into sulfated-proteoglycans in the 48-AT and 48-F chondrocyte populations, but not in the 72-AT population. The reduction in 35SO4 incorporation in the 48-AT and 48-F chondrocytes was not characterized by alterations in the hydrodynamic size of the sulfated-proteoglycans as measured by Sepharose CL-2B chromatography nor by changes in the types of sulfated-glycosaminoglycans produced. These results indicated that FGF produced quantitative rather than qualitative alterations in chondrocyte sulfated-proteoglycan synthesis. The latter appears uncoupled from the growth-promoting activity of FGF on chondrocytes.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041120109
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The in vitro cell culture age and cell density of articular chondrocytes alter sulfated-proteoglycan biosynthesis (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 121 (1984), S. 558-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The effect of cell culture age and concomitant changes in cell density on the biosynthesis of sulfated-proteoglycan by rabbit articular chondrocytes in secondary monolayer culture was studied. Low density (LD, 2 d), middle density (MD, 5-7 d), and high density (HD, 12-15 d) cultures demonstrated changes in cellular morphology and rates of DNA synthesis. DNA synthesis was highest at LD to MD densities, but HD cultures continued to incorporate [3H]-thymidine. LD cultures incorporated 35SO4 into sulfated-proteoglycans at a higher rate than MD or LD cultures. The qualitative nature of the sulfated-proteoglycans synthesized at the different culture ages were analyzed by assessing the distribution of incorporated 35SO4 in associative and dissociative CsCI density gradients and by elution profiles on Sepharose CL-2B. Chondrocytes deposited into the extracellular matrix (cell-associated fraction) 35SO4-labeled proteoglycan aggregate. More aggregated proteoglycan was found in the MD and HD cultures than at LD. A 35SO4-labeled aggregated proteoglycan of smaller hydrodynamic size than that found in the cell-associated fraction was secreted into the culture medium at each culture age. The proteoglycan monomer (A1D1) of young and older cultures had similar hydrodynamic sizes at all cell culture ages and cell densities. The glycosaminoglycan chains of A1D1 were hydrodynamically larger in the younger LD cultures than in the older HD cultures and consisted of only chondroitin 6 and 4 sulfate chains. A small amount of chondroitin 4,6 sulfate was detected, but no keratan sulfate was measured. The A1D2 fractions of young LD cultures contained measurable amounts of dermatan sulfate; no dermatan sulfate was found in older MD or HD cultures. These studies indicated that chondrocytes at LD synthesized a proteoglycan monomer with many of the characteristics of young immature articular cartilage of rabbits. These results also indicated that rapidly dividing chondrocytes were capable of synthesizing proteoglycans which form aggregates with hyaluronic acid. Culture age and cell density appears primarily to modulate the synthesis of glycosaminoglycan types and chain length. Whether or not these glycosaminoglycans are found on the same or different core proteins remains to be determined.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041210315
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Enhanced sulfated-proteoglycan core protein synthesis by incubation of rabbit chondrocytes with recombinant transforming growth factor-β1 (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 149 (1991), S. 152-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Rabbit articular chondrocytes were incubated with recombinant transforming-growth-factor-β 1, (rhTGF-β1) and its effect on newly synthesized proteoglycan measured. rhTGF-β1 stimulated proteoglycan synthesis at a concentration as low as 5 ng/ml without further increase in radiosulfate incorporation up to 50 ng/ml. The quantitative increase in radiosulfate incorporation in rh-TGF-β1-treated chondrocytes was greater in the cell-associated culture compartment than in the medium compartment. rhTGF-β1 promoted an increased proteoglycan retention in the cell-associated compartment as evidenced by an increase in the t 1/2 retention from 8 h to 11 h. Specific enhanced synthesis of [35S]-methionine-labeled core proteins was seen in rh-TGF-β1-treated chondrocytes. rh-TGF-β1 increased the synthesis of the 2 core proteins derived from hydrodynamically large proteoglycans. They possessed apparent molecular weights of 〉 480 kD and 390 kD after 3-5% acrylamide gel electrophoresis. A compartmental analysis revealed that the cell-associated culture compartment contained only the larger of the 2 core proteins derived from large proteoglycans. Two other core proteins with apparent molecular weights 52 kD and 46 kD were also stimulated by rhTGF-β1. These results indicated that TGF-β probably plays a significant role in stimulating proteoglycan core protein synthesis in articular chondrocytes and therefore may be an important growth factor in the restoration of cartilage extracellular matrix after injury.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041490119
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Correlation of histopathology and sulfated proteoglycans in human osteoarthritic hip cartilage (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Orthopaedic Research 1 (1983), S. 302-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 0736-0266
    Schlagwort(e): Human ; Osteoarthritis ; Femoral head ; Cartilage ; Histopathology ; Proteoglycans ; Life and Medical Sciences
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The histopathologic characteristics, in vitro proteoglycan and glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, and proteoglycan content of osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage tissue types from human femoral heads obtained at the time of total joint replacement were compared. Articular cartilage from fibrillated or discolored cartilage surfaces demonstrated overlapping histopathologic patterns, while cartilage from osteophytic areas was distinct. 35SO4 from each of these three tissue types was found in two peaks of radioactivity on a Sepharose CL-2B column. The average partition coefficient (Kav) of the first peak (peak I) was 0.07, while that of the second (peak II) was 0.63. Proteoglycan monomer predominated in discolored, fibrillated, and osteophytic OA cartilage in peak I. The hydrodynamic size on Sepharose CL-2B of the synthetic proteoglycan monomer was the same for discolored, fibrillated, and osteophytic samples (Kav, 0.25-0.28). Discolored and fibrillated tissues showed a similar percentage of proteoglycan monomer in peak II, whereas osteophyte was reduced in proteoglycan monomer content in peak II. In addition, the endogenous proteoglycans extracted from each cartilage area were generally of a smaller hydrodynamic size than the newly synthesized peak I or proteoglycan monomer. Glycosaminoglycans were predominantly chondroitin 6-sulfate. These results indicated that OA discolored and fibrillated cartilage tissue types from defined topographical areas of human femoral heads possessed neither unique histopathologic nor synthetic or endogenous proteoglycan characteristics. Osteophytic cartilage appeared more histopathologically distinct than either discolored or fibrillated OA cartilage, but synthesized proteoglycan monomer with similar hydrodynamic size to the other cartilage tissue types.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jor.1100010310
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Analysis of experimental immune synovitis cartilage using monoclonal antibodies reactive to rabbit proteoglycan (1988)
    Hoboken, NJ [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Orthopaedic Research 6 (1988), S. 389-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 0736-0266
    Schlagwort(e): Synovitis ; Cartilage ; Proteoglycan ; Monoclonal antibodies ; Life and Medical Sciences
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: This study details the macromolecular changes in cartilage involving proteoglycan molecules in an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis. In experimental chronic immune synovitis, fluorescein-conjugated mouse IgG and three monoclonal antibodies (MAbs 2G2, 2E9, and 6C9) portraying differing fine antigenic specificity for rabbit cartilage proteoglycan monomer were utilized to detail alterations in cartilage proteoglycan. In normal and IgG immune animals, fluorescein isothiocynate (FITC)-conjugated MAbs 2G2 and 2E9 stained cellular/pericellular (C/PC) region intensely. FITC-MAb 2G2 stained cartilage interterritorial matrix as well. FITC-MAb 6C9 stained only C/PC area lightly but did not stain matrix. A marked decrease in staining intensity with FITC-MAb 2G2 was noted in cartilage sections derived from animals with immune synovitis. A corresponding increase in staining of cartilage was noted with FITC-MAb 6C9. The augmented staining of articular cartilage with FITC-MAb 6C9 was most prominent in femoral condyle tissue sections, which corresponded to the cartilaginous area, with the greatest severity in gross pathology. There was a slight augmentation of staining with FITC-MAb 2E9, especially in the C/PC area of medial/femoral cartilage. In addition, the animals with immune synovitis showed abortive cartilage repair exemplified by the presence of chondrocyte cloning (up to 20 cells) which correlated with increased FITC-MAb 2G2 staining. The differential MAb staining patterns of cartilaginous tissues obtained utilizing FITC-conjugated monoclonal antibodies with known fine antigenic specificity indicates a modulation of proteoglycans involving predominantly core protein epitopes in the articular cartilage of animals with chronic immune synovitis.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jor.1100060310
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