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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Results of two or five years of adjuvant tamoxifen correlated to steroid receptor and S-phase levels (2000)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 59 (2000), S. 69-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: estrogen and progesterone receptor ; S-phase fraction ; tamoxifen ; breast cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A Swedish cooperative trial demonstrated that 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen was more beneficial than 2 years of tamoxifen in the treatment of postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor (ER) positive, early stage, invasive breast cancer. The main aim of the present study was to investigate the importance of progesterone receptor (PgR) and ER concentration levels for patients participating in the trial and still distant recurrence free two years after the primary operation. Subgroup analyses revealed that only patients with ER positive and PgR positive breast cancer had improved distant recurrence free survival (DRFS) by prolonged tamoxifen therapy (p=0.0016). Patients with ER negative and PgR negative as well as ER positive and PgR negative tumors showed no significant effect of prolonged tamoxifen (p=0.53 and p=0.80, respectively). The percentage of ER negative and PgR positive breast cancers was too small (2.2%) for any meaningful subgroup analysis. There was a significant positive trend that the concentration level of PgR (high positive vs. low positive vs. negative) decreased the recurrence rate for those with prolonged therapy. No corresponding pattern was found for the ER content. S-phase fraction did not correlate to the recurrence rate of PgR positive breast cancers. Patients recurring during tamoxifen therapy had receptor negative tumors to a greater extent than those recurring after tamoxifen treatment. In conclusion, prolonged tamoxifen therapy for 5 years instead of 2 years was found to be beneficial for patients with ER positive and PgR positive breast cancer, whereas three extra years of tamoxifen had little or no effect for patients with ER positive but PgR negative tumors as well as for steroid receptor negative patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006332423620
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trends in urinary bladder cancer incidence in Sweden 1960-93 with special reference to histopathology, time period, birth cohort, and smoking (1997)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 8 (1997), S. 560-567 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: Age factors ; bladder cancer ; cohort effect ; smoking ; Sweden
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study investigates the incidence trends of urinary bladdercancer in Sweden from 1960 through 1993 (a total of 46,211 cases).Age-standardized incidence rates increased among men from 14.6 per 10 5 in1960 to 33.5 in 1993 and among women from4.8 to 8.8, corresponding to anaverage annual increase of 2.4 percent (95 percent confidence interval [CI])= 2.0-2.7 percent) and 1.1 percent (CI = 0.9-1.4 percent), respectively. Thelargest increase occurred in the oldest age-groups. The proportion ofpatients with transitional cell carcinoma increased in menfrom66.0 percent in1960-64 to 93.6 percent in 1990-93 and in women from 61.0 percent to 89.4percent. The proportion of patients with papillomas decreased, whereas thosewith adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma were stable. Regressionmodeling (based on the period 1960-89) showed a strong linear effect due toeither period and/or cohort. Among men, additional non-linear effects by bothperiod and cohort were obtained. T he cohort effects were more important.Cohort data on having smoked daily showed considerable similarities with theestimated cohort-effects. Our findings suggest that the increase of tobaccosmoking in successive generations can explain the increase in incidence ratesof bladder cancer in Sweden, whereas improved diagnostic activities andregistration are less likely to explain fully the changes in incidence rates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018486111572
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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