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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An inwardly rectifying chloride channel in ragweed-sensitized canine tracheal epithelial cells (1991)
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 20 (1991), S. 65-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Airway epithelium ; Asthma ; Apical membrane ; Ion channel kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The single channel inside-out patch clamp technique was used to characterize ion channels in the apical membranes of ragweed-sensitized and control canine tracheal epithelial cells maintained in primary culture. Patches were obtained from single isolated cells or from cells at the edges of confluent sheets. A new type of chloride channel was seen in sensitized cells but not in control cells. The channel showed inward rectification in symmetric chloride solutions with conductance varying from 95 pS to 52 pS over the range of −60 mV to 60 mV membrane potential. Channel gating was voltage dependent with maximal opening at about −30 mV Kinetic analysis showed that distributions of closed and open times could both be well fitted by the sums of three exponential components. Rate constants for transitions between the states of a linear kinetic model were calculated, with only one rate being significantly voltage dependent. The possible significance of this channel is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00186254
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nicotine and cotinine replacement when nicotine nasal spray is used to quit smoking (1998)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 137 (1998), S. 345-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Nicotine nasal spray ; Smoking cessation ; Nicotine replacement ; Cotinine replacement ; Expired carbon monoxide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Nicotine nasal spray (NNS) is generally considered to be an effective smoking cessation aid, but all studies to date of NNS effectiveness have also utilized group therapy sessions or frequent laboratory visits to support their subjects’ stop smoking efforts. We studied 50 volunteers before they attempted to quit smoking and again at 1, 2 and 3 months after they received NNS to assist them in quitting smoking. No other stop smoking intervention was used, which more closely mimics the common practice of many individuals trying to stop smoking with the aid of a nicotine replacement product but without other supportive interventions. We found that 50% of the subjects quit smoking for the first month, 34% were still abstinent after 2 months and 32% quit smoking for 3 months. Those who quit smoking for the entire 3 months and who continued regular NNS use throughout had 67% cotinine replacement at the end of the first month, while another group which quit smoking for only the first month with the aid of NNS had 42% cotinine replacement at the end of that month. Our data confirm that NNS is an effective smoking cessation aid, but our abstinent rate at 3 months is slightly lower than in other studies in which group therapy was provided. Our data also indicate that higher NNS-induced cotinine replacement during the first month of quitting smoking (suggesting more frequent use of NNS) is associated with longer term quit-smoking success rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050629
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of ethanol on intestinal uptake of fatty acids, fatty alcohols, and cholesterol (1984)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 29 (1984), S. 631-642 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of acute exposure of the rabbit jejunum to ethanol on the uptake of fatty acids, fatty alcohols, and cholesterol was examined using a previously validatedin vitro technique. The effective resistance of the intestinal unstirred water layer was determined from the rate of uptake of a homologous series of fatty alcohols. The addition of ethanol to the incubation or preincubation solutions had no effect on the uptake of these probes when the bulk phase was stirred at 600 rpm, but uptake was higher in the ethanol-exposed samples when the bulk phase was unstirred. Increasing the concentration of ethanol in the bulk phase was associated with a progressive decline in the rate of uptake of acetic, lauric, myristic, and palmitic acids, whereas the uptake of hexanoic, octanoic, and decanoic acids was unaffected, and the uptake of cholesterol was increased. Acute exposure of the intestine to ethanol was associated with an increase in the electrical conductance of the tissue, with no associated change noted in the tight junctions on transmission electron microscopy or in the surface epithelium on scanning electron microscopy. The results suggest that acute exposure of the rabbit intestine to ethanol is associated with a selective decline in the passive permeability properties of the membrane towards only certain lipids and that the effective resistance of the unstirred layer is influenced by ethanol only when the bulk phase is unstirred and the resistance is high.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01347296
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of airway epithelial permeability with dextran (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 11 (1989), S. 137-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Trachea ; Permeability ; Smoke ; Microscopy ; electron ; Microscopy ; fluorescence ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: We studied the penetration of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) T-40 dextran into the paracellular spaces in the tracheal mucosa and its appearance in the blood plasma of guinea pigs exposed to cigarette smoke or (controls) breathing room air. Under general anesthesia, the dextran solution was instilled onto the tracheal surface via a tracheotomy tube, arterial blood was sampled serially for 40 min, and then the trachea was fixed by perfusion or immersion. Examination of the tracheal mucosa with light microscopy, with and without epifluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy, revealed dextran in the paracellular spaces in mucosa from experimental animals but not controls. In all control animals, the levels of the dextran in plasma was below the sensitivity of the assay. By contrast, dextran levels in the plasma from the experimental animals fell within the sensitivity range of the assay and increased in blood at a rate of 0.00125 ± 0.00023 (SE) expressed as a percentage of the instilled dose/min. We conclude that FITC T-40 dextran provides a reliable, fairly simple, fast method for assessing major, but not subtle, changes in paracellular permeability of the tracheal mucosa.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060110208
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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