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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 779 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Cell Biology International Reports 12 (1988), S. 597-605 
    ISSN: 0309-1651
    Keywords: Fracture-label ; Freeze-fracture ; Golgi apparatus
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Cell Biology International Reports 14 (1990), S. 130 
    ISSN: 0309-1651
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0021-9673
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes 978 (1989), S. 158-168 
    ISSN: 0005-2736
    Keywords: (Human lymphocyte) ; Freeze-fracture ; Immunocytochemistry ; Lymphocyte ; Membrane
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Freeze-fracture immunocytochemistry was used to analyse the surface distribution, redistribution induced by antibodies, and partition during freeze-fracture, of CD8 molecules on human T lymphocytes and rat epithelial transfected (FRT-U10) cells. Immunogold labelling of CD8 antigens was uniform over the unfractured cell surfaces of both lymphocytes and epithelial transfected cells. After freeze-fracture, the gold particles were associated with the exoplasmic outer leaflets of the plasma membranes in both cell types. In lymphocytes, incubation with antibodies at 37° C up to 20 min induced patching and capping of the antigens on the unfractured cell surface. After fracture, the patched molecules appeared associated with the protoplasmic inner leaflet of the plasma membranes. Parallel antibody-treatment at 37° C of FRT-U10 cells induced clustering of CD8 molecules but failed to cause further aggregation in larger patches or in caps. After freeze-fracture, the immunola-belling was clustered, but associated with the exoplasmic outer leaflet of the plasma membranes as in untreated cells. The different redistribution induced by antibodies and the different behaviour on fracture of the redistributed molecules in the two cell types may be regulated by CD8 interaction with the cytoskeleton.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: solvent effects ; aromatic nucleophilic substitutions ; empirical polarity parameter ; halonitrobenzenes ; aliphaticamines ; Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Empirical solvent polarity parameters ET(30) were determined by UV/VIS spectroscopy, using Dimroth-Reichardt's betaine dye, as a function of composition, for several binary solvent mixtures [i.e. polar hydrogen bond acceptor (PHBA) solvents+chloroform or dichloromethane]. Each solvent system was analyzed according to its deviations from additivity due to preferential solvation of the chemical probe and also from complicated intermolecular interactions of the mixed solvents. The ET(30) parameter of many of these mixtures has presented synergism. The synergetic effects were more significant for those binary solvent systems in which chloroform is the co-solvent. These results were related to the solvent effects on some aromatic nucleophilic substitution reactions. The kinetics of the reactions between 1-halo-2,4-dinitrobenzenes and primary or secondary aliphatic amines were studied in three solvent systems (PHBA+chloroform) where the synergism for the ET(30) polarity parameter is the rule. In all the aminodehalogenation reactions discussed the formation of the intermediate is the rate-determining step. The kinetic data show a tendency to decrease with decrease in the overall solvation capability of the binary mixture. In general, the reaction rates presented a gradual decrease in the PHBA solvent-rich zone and a large decrease at high co-solvent concentrations. The ET(30) values corresponding to binary dipolar hydrogen bond acceptor-hydrogen bond donor mixtures may be not generally valid for interpreting solvation effects on the reactions under consideration. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The kinetics of the reaction between 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and piperidine was studied in several completely non-aqueous binary solvent mixtures where the preferential solvation is the rule at 15, 25 and 40°C. The reaction was chosen as the simplest example of aromatic nucleophilic substitutions (ANS). For (aprotic solvent + aprotic co-solvent) binary systems the co-solvent was toluene, and the rest of the solvents used were selected with different structural characteristics and an extensive range of polarity. In this kind of mixture a property of mixed binary solvents would be defined by means of ET(30) values and the solvent effects on this simple model of ANS reactions are similar to those of aprotic pure solvents, especially if hydrogen-bond donor solvent mixtures are excluded from the analysis. For (aprotic solvent + protic co-solvent) binary systems the co-solvent used was methanol. The presence of a protic solvent in the mixture strongly determines the solvent effects on the reaction. In this type of binary mixture, the chemical probe under consideration may not be generally valid to interpret solvation effects. Additionally, empirical solvent polarity parameters ET(30) were determined UV-VIS spectrophotometrically for some pure aprotic solvents and, as a function of the composition, for (dimethylformamide + toluene), (toluene + methanol) and (1,1,1-trichloroethane + methanol) at 15 and 40°C, with the purpose of extending the studies on the empirical polarity indices in binary solvent mixtures to the thermo-solvatochromic area.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 8 (1995), S. 617-625 
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Empirical solvent polarity parameters ET(30) were determined by UV-visible spectrophotometry using Dimroth- Reichardt's betaine dye, as a function of composition, for (aprotic + aprotic) and (aprotic + protic) binary solvent mixtures. For (aprotic + aprotic) solvent systems the cosolvent was toluene, and the other solvents used were selected with different structural characteristics and an extensive range of polarity: chloroform, 1,4-dioxane, ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, acetone, nitromethane and N,N-dimethylformamide. For (aprotic + protic) solvent systems, the protic cosolvent used was methanol, and the aprotic solvents selected were toluene, chloroform, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, tetrahydrofuran, acetone, N,N-dimethylformamide, and dimethyl sulphoxide. Each system was analysed according to its deviations from additivity due to selective solvation of the betaine. A preliminary application of these empirical solvent polarity parameters was related to the solvent effects in a simple example of a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 16 (1978), S. 542-548 
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Computing ; Image analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommaire L'analyse d'images par les systèmes vidéo a fait l'objet depuis longtemps d'applications médicales et elle a été utilisée avec succès pour l'analyse des cinéangiogrammes. Dans la plupart des cas, l'instrumentation utilisée pour cette analyse est caractérisée par des systèmes d'ordinateurs relativement complexes. Etant donné l'intérêt que présente cette application, en particulier à la suite de la forte croissance enregistrée dans le domaine de la chirurgie cardiaque, qui nécessite un diagnostic anatomo-fonctionnel, il a semblé raisonnable d'envisager la possibilité de simplifier et standardiser l'instrument, en tenant compte des possibilités logicielles d'un petit ordinateur digital, en tenant compte de l'utilisation possible de microprocesseurs. Cet article présente un système minimum capable de traiter des images de télévision et utilisant un interface bon marché et des programmes généraux.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die Bildanalyse mit Video-Systemen hat sich für den medizinischen Anwendungsbereich gut bewährt und wurde bei den Analysen von Kineangiogrammen mit Erfolg angewandt. In den meisten Fällen wurde die für diesen Zweck verwendete Meßgerätaursrüstung durch die relative komplexe Hardware charakterisiert. Aufgrund des gleichzeitigen Interesses dieser Anwendungsmethode in bezug auf das progressive Wachsen der Hertzchirurgie und dem damit verbundenen Bedarf an anatomisch funktionellen Diagnosen schien es einleuchtend, die Möglichkeit der Simplifikation und Standardisierung der Instrumentation durch Ausnutzung der Software-Möglichkeiten eines kleinen Digital-Computers sowie der möglichen Implementierung eines Miktroporozessors, in Erwagung zu ziehen. In diesem Papier wird ein Minimalsystem dargestellt, das mit einem preiswerten Computer-Koppelsystem und einem Allzweck-Softwarepaket Fernsehbilder verarbeiten kann.
    Notes: Abstract Image analysis by video systems is well established for medical applications, and its has been successfully used for the analysis of cineangiograms. In most instances the instrumentation used for this purpose has been characterised by relatively complex hardware set ups. Owing to the interest of this application, also in relation to the progressive growth of cardiac surgery and hence the need for anatomo-functional diagnosis, it seemed reasonable to consider the possibility of simplification and standardisation of the instrumentation, taking advantage of the software possibilities of a small digital computer and possible microprocessor implementation. The paper presents a minimum system capable of processing t.v. images, using an unexpensive computer interface and a general-purpose software package.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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