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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Emerin presence in platelets (2000)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 100 (2000), S. 291-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Emerin ; Platelets ; Cytoskeleton ; Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Emerin is an almost ubiquitous protein which is abnormal in X-linked Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EMD), a syndrome characterized by muscle weakness, joint contractures and cardiac arrhythmia. Emerin is localized in the cells at the nuclear rim and its function is still unknown. In some models, emerin has also been described in the cytoplasm; however, its presence outside the nucleus is still matter of debate. We report the presence of emerin in circulating normal human platelets and its absence in platelets from X-linked EMD patients. Since platelets are cytoplasmic fragments derived from megakaryocytes, the presence of emerin in platelets confirms cytoplasmic localization of this protein, probably related to specific functions. We found also that emerin is present in the cytoplasm of megakaryocytes, while it is absent in circulating granulocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004019900169
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phospholipids bound to acidic nuclear proteins in human B and T lymphocytes (1976)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 12 (1976), S. 67-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Chromatin fractions (DNA, histones and nonhistone chromosomal proteins NHCP) have been isolated from human peripheral B and T lymphocytes using different methods and analyzed in order to identify their lipid content. While DNA and histone fractions do not reveal the presence of lipids, a 2% of phospholipids is present in the NHCP fraction. The phospholipids associated with NHCP present a constant relative ratio among sphingomyelin, phosphatidyl-choline and phosphatidyl-ethanolamine both in B and T lymphocytes, whichever are the extraction procedures employed. These findings are related to the possible derepressive role of phospholipids on DNA-dependent RNA synthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01731551
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    pUL25 immunolocalization in human cytomegalovirus-infected and gene-transfected cells (2000)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 145 (2000), S. 795-803 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  By means of confocal and electron microscope immunocytochemistry we have studied the localization of a recently described structural protein (pUL25) of human cytomegalovirus, in both infected cells and in cells transiently transfected with UL25. pUL25 localization in infected cells was observed in typical cytoplasmic structures characterized by a very electrondense texture previously reported to accumulate other tegument proteins. At the virion level pUL25 seems to localize at the interface between the tegument and the capsid of both intracytoplasmic and extracellular virions. In UL-25-transfected cells, pUL25 has been found in characteristic para-crystalline cytoplasmic aggregates, suggesting its intrinsic ability to aggregate in a regular subunit pattern.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050050672
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A combined ultrastructural approach to the study of nuclear matrix thermal stabilization (1992)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 98 (1992), S. 121-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using mouse erythroleukaemia cells and different ultrastructural techniques, the morphology was investigated of the nuclear matrix obtained after incubation at 37° C of isolated nuclei. If purified nuclei were heated for 45 min at 37° C, the final matrix exhibited well-recognizable nucleolar remnants, an inner network and a peripheral lamina. Without such incubation only the peripheral lamina was seen surrounding homogeneous, finely granular material. Similar results were obtained with both araldite-embedded and freeze-fractured nuclear matrices, although in the latter case the loose granular material was not evident. Observations of araldite-embedded, heat-treated nuclei revealed clumping of heterochromatin in small, very electron-dense masses with large interchromatin spaces. These ultrastructural aspects were even more striking in freeze-fractured nuclei. Cytochemical matrix analysis by osmium-ammine staining for nucleic acids and DNase-gold labelling for DNA localization demonstrated that also matrix residual nucleic acids, mostly RNA, are stabilized by heat exposure of isolated nuclei. The results demonstrate that the morphology of heat-stabilized nuclear matrix is not artefactually affected during the preparation for conventional electron microscopy and suggest a possible involvement of nucleic acids in the heat-induced stabilization of the nuclear matrix.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00717003
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical evaluation of protein kinase C translocation to the inner nuclear matrix in 3T3 mouse fibroblasts after IGF-I treatment (1995)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 103 (1995), S. 447-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The complex pathway which links the agonist-cell membrane receptor binding to the response at the genome level involves, among other elements, protein kinase C (PKC). Agonists acting at the cell membrane can affect an autonomous nuclear polyphosphoinositide signaling system inducing an activation of nuclear phosphoinositidase activity and a subsequent translocation of PKC to the nuclear region. The fine localization of PKC has been investigated by means of electron microscopy quantitative immunogold labeling in 3T3 mouse fibroblasts, mitogenically stimulated by IGF-I. The enzyme, which in untreated cells is present in the cytoplasm, except for the organelles, and in the nucleoplasm, after IGF-I treatment is reduced in the cytoplasm and almost doubled in the nucleus. The PKC isoform translocated to the nucleus is the α isozyme, which is found not only associated with the nuclear envelope but mainly with the interchromatin domains. By using in situ matrix preparations, PKC appears to be retained at the nuclear matrix level, both at the nuclear lamina and at the inner nuclear matrix, suggesting a direct involvement in the phosphorylation of nuclear proteins which are responsible for the regulation of DNA replication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01457544
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of specimen preparation on the identification of phospholipids by the phospholipase A2-gold method in mineralizing cartilage and bone (1996)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 105 (1996), S. 283-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The role of phospholipids in biological mineralization has been hypothesized but not fully elucidated. In order to identify phospholipids at the ultrastructural level in the mineralizing extracellular matrix, rat epiphyseal cartilage and metaphyseal bone have been labeled with the phospholipase A2 (PLA2)-gold method. The specificity and the efficiency of phospholipid detection have been evaluated by postembedding labeling of sections from epoxy- or hydrophilic resin-embedded samples, and by preembedding labeling of cryosectioned samples. The efficiency of the labeling was higher in cryosections than in hydrophilic resin-embedded specimens, while lower efficiency was found in epoxy resiembedded samples. A 2- to 6-fold increase of the labeling density in calcified with respect to uncalcified areas of cartilage and bone has been found, depending on the specimen preparation used. The labeling intensity was significantly higher, at the periphery of the calcifying nodules in the epiphyseal cartilage matrix and in the calcifying osteoid, while the fully calcified bone matrix presented a weak labeling. Matrix vesicles, which are considered a possible source of extracellular phospholipids, appeared labeled in cryosections and in epoxy resin-embedded samples after a preincubation with PLA2, which also increased the labeling of the intracellular membranes. The localization of phospholipids in the areas of initial mincralization suggests some hypotheses on the possible involvement of these molecules in the mineralphase deposition process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01463931
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High resolution electron microscope autoradiography on negative stained specimens (1973)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 35 (1973), S. 67-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A new method for applying the electron microscope autoradiography to negatively stained specimens is presented. Free ribosomes and ribosome crystals, labeled with 3H-uridine, have been isolated from the rat liver and from the whole hypothermic chick embryo, respectively. The samples, fixed and negatively stained with uranyl acetate, have been treated for autoradiography with the Kodak NTE nuclear emulsion. This method allows to obtain autoradiograms characterized by a very high resolution power of well stained specimens. The perspectives of this new field of ultrastructural investigation are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303666
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of laminin α2 chain in normal human central nervous system: an immunofluorescence and ultrastructural study (1997)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 94 (1997), S. 567-571 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Basal lamina ; Blood-brain barrier ; Central nervous system ; Congenital muscular dystrophy ; Laminin α2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Recently, a rare form of congenital muscular dystrophy has been shown to be associated with a deficiency of laminin α2 chain, a tissue-specific component of the basal lamina. Besides muscular dystrophy, children affected with this disorder also show electrophysiological and magnetic resonance imaging evidence of white matter involvement in the central nervous system (CNS). We have studied the precise localization of laminin α2 chain in normal human brain, using specific electron microscopic techniques including thin-section fracture labeling and cryoultramicrotomy, in parallel with immunohistochemical techniques. We found that this laminin chain was localized to the basal lamina of all cerebral blood vessels, whereas blood vessels of the choroid plexus did not show any reaction. No positive reaction was found in meningeal blood vessels either. We hypothesize that in normal brain, laminin α2 may be important for the selective filtration capability of the blood-brain barrier. The lack of laminin α2 in cerebral vessels of children with laminin α2-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy may cause impaired selective filtration, leading to leakage of plasma components and damage to the CNS. Further studies should be performed on patients affected by congenital muscular dystrophy associated with laminin α2 deficiency to test this hypothesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050751
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hepatitis C virus infection and myositis: a polymerase chain reaction study (2000)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 99 (2000), S. 271-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Hepatitis C ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Inflammatory myopathy ; Complement membrane attack complex ; Muscle biopsy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Muscle biopsy tissue from a patient with chronic hepatitis, who was hepatitis C virus (HCV) positive and showed slight weakness of the right arm and leg associated with increased serum creatine kinase levels, was studied using immunocytochemical and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. Muscle biopsy showed changes compatible with an inflammatory myopathy. Immunohistochemical studies included the use of monoclonal antibodies against human T lymphocytes, macrophages, immunoglobulins, major histocompatibility complex class I molecules (MHC-I), and the neoantigens of the terminal C5b-9 complement membrane attack complex (MAC). In addition to confirming the potential importance of cytotoxic T cells and MHC-I antigen expression in inducing muscle pathology, we demonstrated MAC deposition and the presence of HCV-RNA in the muscle of our patient, suggesting that direct involvement of the virus leading to complement activation might be important in inducing muscle damage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00007437
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytoplasmic and nuclear localization sites of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in human osteosarcoma sensitive and multidrug-resistant Saos-2 cells (1996)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 106 (1996), S. 457-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The intracellular localization of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) has been analyzed by western blotting, confocal, and electron microscopy immunocytochemistry in human osteosarcoma Saos-2 cells. By western blotting, the enzyme appears to be present in both the cytoplasmic and nuclear subfractions. By confocal microscope immunocytochemistry, the cytoplasmic fluorescence is localized in the perinuclear region and on a network of filaments, while a diffused signal is present in the nucleus, except for the nucleolar areas. Ultrastructural analyses on whole cells and on in situ matrix preparations reveal that nuclear PI 3-kinase is localized in interchromatin domains, in stable association with inner nuclear matrix components, while the enzyme diffused in the cytosol is partly associated with the cytoskeletal filaments. Quantitative evaluations indicate that, in a multidrug-resistant variant obtained by continuous exposure of Saos-2 cells to doxorubicin, the amount of nuclear and cytoplasmic PI 3-kinase is significantly lower than in the sensitive parental cell line. The nuclear localization of PI 3-kinase and its variation in multidrug-resistant cells, characterized by a reduced mitotic index, are consistent with the data on the existence of a nuclear inositol lipid cycle, which could also utilize 3-phosphorylated inositides to modulate signal transduction for the control of some key functional activities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004180050064
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