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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermodynamic considerations in contructing energy balances for cellular growth
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Bioenergetics 1183 (1993), S. 221-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-2728
    Keywords: Cell growth ; Energy balance ; Enthalpy ; Thermodynamic reference state ; Thermodynamic standard state ; Thermodynamic state
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0005-2728(93)90225-5
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calorimetric and stoichiometric analysis of growth of Kluyveromices fragilis in continuous culture: nitrogen limitation imposed upon carbon-limited growth (1996)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 44 (1996), S. 643-653 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The calorimetric response of the yeast Kluyveromices fragilis was investigated for growth in continuous culture where nitrogen limitation was imposed on a carbon-limited culture. Calorimetric measurements were combined with off gas analysis, measurements of biomass, substrate and product concentrations, elemental biomass composition, and heat production to study the physiological response of K. fragilis. Regions where both carbon and nitrogen limited growth, were found over a broad range of dilution rates and feed carbon-to-nitrogen ratios. The principle mechanism by which K. fragilis accommodated regions of dual carbon and nitrogen limitation was by partial decoupling of the anabolic and catabolic pathways. When the culture was only nitrogen-limited, increased decoupling of the two pathways was observed. The principal effect of the decoupling was an increased catabolic consumption of glucose, generating an increased heat yield. The preferred way to process the excess glucose was through respiration but the cells were also capable of fermenting a small percentage of the excess glucose in specific cases where the dissolved oxygen partial pressure approached zero. In addition, these results were qualitatively compared to similar studies on Saccharomices cerevisiae. The two yeasts were similar in their ability to accommodate dual limitation by uncoupling anabolic biomass formation from substrate consumption. The two yeasts were dissimilar in how the catabolic substrate was processed. For S. cerevisiae the presence of a bottleneck in the respiration pathway dictated that the majority of the catabolic glucose consumption was by fermentation. For K. fragilis, the lack of a bottleneck in the respiration pathway dictated that the majority of catabolic glucose substrate consumption was by respiration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00172498
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calorimetric and stoichiometric analysis of growth of Kluyveromices fragilis in continuous culture: nitrogen limitation imposed upon carbon-limited growth (1996)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 44 (1996), S. 643-653 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  The calorimetric response of the yeast Kluyveromices fragilis was investigated for growth in continuous culture where nitrogen limitation was imposed on a carbon-limited culture. Calorimetric measurements were combined with off gas analysis, measurements of biomass, substrate and product concentrations, elemental biomass composition, and heat production to study the physiological response of K. fragilis. Regions where both carbon and nitrogen limited growth, were found over a broad range of dilution rates and feed carbon-to-nitrogen ratios. The principle mechanism by which K. fragilis accommodated regions of dual carbon and nitrogen limitation was by partial decoupling of the anabolic and catabolic pathways. When the culture was only nitrogen-limited, increased decoupling of the two pathways was observed. The principal effect of the decoupling was an increased catabolic consumption of glucose, generating an increased heat yield. The preferred way to process the excess glucose was through respiration but the cells were also capable of fermenting a small percentage of the excess glucose in specific cases where the dissolved oxygen partial pressure approached zero. In addition, these results were qualitatively compared to similar studies on Saccharomices cerevisiae. The two yeasts were similar in their ability to accommodate dual limitation by uncoupling anabolic biomass formation from substrate consumption. The two yeasts were dissimilar in how the catabolic substrate was processed. For S. cerevisiae the presence of a bottleneck in the respiration pathway dictated that the majority of the catabolic glucose consumption was by fermentation. For K. fragilis, the lack of a bottleneck in the respiration pathway dictated that the majority of catabolic glucose substrate consumption was by respiration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050612
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enthalpy content as a function of lipid accumulation in Rhodotorula glutinis (1995)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 42 (1995), S. 818-825 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Microcalorimetry has been demonstrated to be a suitable on-line method for monitoring the lipid production phase of oleaginous yeasts. The choice of lipid extraction method for the oil accumulated by oleaginous yeasts is highly important both for accuracy when quantifying the lipid level and determining the fatty acid composition. The energy content of Rhodotorula glutinis increased from 23.0 kJ/g to 30.6 kJ/g dry biomass during the lipid-accumulating phase and was directly correlated to the analysed level of lipids, when an alkaline hydrolysis extraction method was used. Consequently, bomb-calorimetric measurements of the energy content were shown to be an indirect method of quantifying the lipid content in oleaginous yeasts. The fatty acid composition remained rather constant during the batch growth of Rh. glutinis with approximately 70% unsaturated C18 fatty acids. The high energy content as well as the fatty acid composition of Rh. glutinis makes this yeast a better candidate for use as aquaculture feed compared with the commonly used Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00191175
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enthalpy content as a function of lipid accumulation in Rhodotorula glutinis (1995)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 42 (1995), S. 818-825 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  Microcalorimetry has been demonstrated to be a suitable on-line method for monitoring the lipid production phase of oleaginous yeasts. The choice of lipid extraction method for the oil accumulated by oleaginous yeasts is highly important both for accuracy when quantifying the lipid level and determining the fatty acid composition. The energy content of Rhodotorula glutinis increased from 23.0 kJ/g to 30.6 kJ/g dry biomass during the lipid-accumulating phase and was directly correlated to the analysed level of lipids, when an alkaline hydrolysis extraction method was used. Consequently, bomb-calorimetric measurements of the energy content were shown to be an indirect method of quantifying the lipid content in oleaginous yeasts. The fatty acid composition remained rather constant during the batch growth of Rh. glutinis with approximately 70% unsaturated C18 fatty acids. The high energy content as well as the fatty acid composition of Rh. glutinis makes this yeast a better candidate for use as aquaculture feed compared with the commonly used Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050336
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Further evidence for the existence of a bottleneck in the metabolism ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae (1989)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 1013-1018 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Bottleneck theory ; calorimetry ; chemostat ; Crabtree effect ; glucose effect ; S. cerevisiae ; yeast metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The growth physiology ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae strains H1022 and Whi2+ has been studied in aerobic batch and continuous (chemostat) cultures. Results from the measurement of biomass and medium components (off-line) together with oxygen, carbon dioxide and heat measurements (on-line) have been used in an attempt to explore the existence of ‘overflow’ or ‘bottleneck’ metabolism as opposed to catabolite repression (Crabtree effect) in these strains. Chemostat experiments indicated that specific oxygen uptake rate (q o 2) was linearly related to the dilution rate (D) at values below the critical dilution rate (D crit ), becoming constant aboveD crit , which is in agreement with the bottleneck theory. However, batch culture experiments indicated negligible oxygen consumption during the initial glucose growth phase, the culture exhibiting purely anaerobic metabolism. The bottleneck theory would propose thatq O 2, has a constant (maximum) value under these conditions. The results presented here suggest that while the bottleneck theory can be adequately used to describe chemostat growth ofS. cerevisiae, some other control mechanism must be operating under conditions of high glucose concentrations, such as those initially prevailing in the batch culture experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01950151
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bench-scale calorimetry of hybridomas in suspension culture (1989)
    Springer
    Biotechnology techniques 3 (1989), S. 369-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6784
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Heat produced by hybridoma suspension cultures was continuously monitored in a two-liter heat-flux calorimeter. Heat measurements reflected changes in metabolic state of the culture under different aeration conditions. A highly anaerobic metabolism was indicated by the low ratios of heat produced to glucose consumed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01875001
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anaerobic Calorimetry of the Growth of Lactobacillus Helveticus Using a Highly Sensitive Bio-RCl (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 56 (1999), S. 1191-1195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: anaerobic culture ; bench scale calorimetry ; bio-calorimeter ; monitoring
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract To meet the need for studies of anaerobic microbial and animal cell cultures involving much lower heat effects as compared to aerobic microbial cultures, a bench scale calorimeter, Bio-RCl, has been improved for achieving a higher long-term sensitivity. This newly improved Bio-RCl was used for heat measurement of anaerobic growth of Lactobacillus helveticus. The results showed that the bench-scale calorimetry has powerful potential for on-line monitoring and control of anaerobic bioprocesses as well as fundamental studies, such as stoichiometry, thermodynamics and kinetics of cellular growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010121531950
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The application of a novel heat flux calorimeter for studying growth of Escherichia coli W in aerobic batch culture (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 28 (1986), S. 1780-1793 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The modification and principle of a novel heat flux calorimeter for the in situ, on-line measurement of the heat generated during microbial growth is described. Data concerning the physical characterization of the calorimeter as a fermentor, including stability and sensitivity of the heat signal, are presented. The calorimeter has been successfully applied to the study of the aerobic batch culture of Escherichia coli W on glucose under carbon and nitrogen limitation. A direct correlation between growth and heat evolution was obtained. Quantitative analysis of the data suggests that the new calorimetric technique could be used for monitoring growth and specific metabolic events, for convenient medium optimization, and as a basis for a novel fermentation process control system.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260281205
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple HPLC technique for accurate monitoring of mammalian cell metabolism (1994)
    Springer
    Cytotechnology 14 (1994), S. 123-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0778
    Keywords: HPLC ; mammalian cells ; metabolism ; pyrrolidone carboxylic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract We have developed a simple and accurate isocratic HPLC method, without any prederivatisation, for the determination of glucose, lactate, glutamine, glutamate, pyrrolidone carboxylic acid and alanine in samples from mammalian cell cultures. The method has been successfully validated with enzyme analysis for each of the compounds. Quantification of pyrrolidone carboxylic acid makes the correction for glutamine decrease due to chemical decomposition very simple and accurate, and avoids some possibly erroneous calculations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00758177
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