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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The genomic organization and evolution of the natural killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) gene cluster (2000)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 51 (2000), S. 268-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Keywords: Key words KIR ; Multigene family ; Gene duplication ; Evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Natural killer (NK) immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are a family of polymorphic receptors which interact with specific motifs on HLA class I molecules and modulate NK cytolytic activity. In this study, we analyzed a recently sequenced subgenomic region on chromosome 19q13.4 containing eight members of the KIR receptor repertoire. Six members are clustered within a 100-kb continuous sequence. These genes include a previously unpublished member of the KIR gene family 2DS6, as well as 2DL1, 2DL4, 3DL1, 2DS4, 3DL2, from centromere to telomere. Two additional KIR genes, KIRCI and 2DL3, which may be located centromeric of this cluster were also analyzed. We show that the KIR genes have undergone repeated gene duplications. Diversification between the genes has occurred postduplication primarily as a result of retroelement indels and gene truncation. Using pre- and postduplication Alu sequences identified within these genes as evolutionary molecular clocks, the evolution and duplication of this gene cluster is estimated to have occurred 30–45 million years ago, during primate evolution. A proposed model of the duplication history of the KIR gene family leading to their present organization is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050620
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Initial steps of phloroglucinol metabolism in Penicillium simplicissimum (1990)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 153 (1990), S. 438-443 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Penicillium simplicissimum ; Species description ; Phenolic compounds ; Phloroglucinol ; Aerobic degradation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The pathway for the aerobic catabolism of 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene (phloroglucinol) by a new strain of Penicillium was investigated using both in vivo and in vitro cell-free systems. The fungal strain was isolated by enrichment on phloroglucinol and identified as P. simplicissimum (Oud) Thom. It grew optimally at pH 5.5 and 27°C with 119 mM (1.5%w/v) of phloroglucinol in a basal mineral salts medium. Vapours of the crystalline substrate placed in a Petri-plate lid supported the growth of the fungal colonies on the agar surface. Mycelia grown on phloroglucinol accumulated 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene and resorcinol in the medium. Washed, resting mycelia grown on phloroglucinol, when resuspended in a buffer utilized oxygen in the presence of catechol, resorcinol, pyrogallol and phloroglucinol. A NADPH-dependent reductase in the cell-free extract reduced phloroglucinol to dihydrophloroglucinol. This electron donor could not be replaced by NADH. Resorcinol hydroxylase, phloroglucinol reductase, catechol-1,2-oxygenase, and catechol-2,3-oxygenase were detected in cell-free extracts of mycelia grown on phloroglucinol. The possible steps in the degradation of phloroglucinol are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00248424
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Classifying a Protein in the CATH Database of Domain Structures (1998)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 54 (1998), S. 1155-1167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The CATH database of protein domain structures classifies structures according to their (C)lass, (A)rchitecture, (T)opology or fold and (H)omologous family (http://www.biochem.ucl.ac.uk/bsm/cath). Although the protocol used is mostly automatic, manual inspection is used to check assignments at some critical stages, such as the detection of very distantly related homologues and anologues and the assignment of novel architectures. Described in this article is a recently established facility to search the database with the coordinates of a newly determined structure. The CATH server first locates domain boundaries and then uses automatic sequence and structure comparison methods to assign this new structure to one or more of the domain families within CATH. Diagnostic reports are generated, together with multiple structural alignments for close relatives. The Server can be accessed over the World Wide Web (WWW) and mirror sites are planned to improve access.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0907444998007501
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth of the Acid-Tolerant Fungus Scytalidium acidophilum as a Potential Source of Single-Cell Protein (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 50 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An acid-tolerant fungus, Scytalidium acidophilum, was cultivated in peat extract for potential use as a single-cell protein (SCP) source. In shake flask fermentations with a 0.3% yeast extract diluted peat extract medium, it was found that the best conditions for growth occurred at pH 2.0 and 25°C. The maximum biomass concentration was produced after 10 days, with no significant differences for agitation rates between 100 and 200 rpm. Microbial contamination was not observed in nonaseptic operations. The protein content and amino acid composition of the mycelium produced compares with those reported for S. acidophilum grown in other fermentation media. The advantages of growing S. acidophilum in acid peat extract are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1985.tb13308.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EXTRACTION, PURIFICATION AND DETERMINATION OF PECTIN IN TROPICAL FRUITS (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food processing and preservation 8 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4549
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The optimum pH, time and acid solution-fruit ratio for the extraction and purification of pectin was determined utilizing grapefruit rinds as a pectin source. The determination of pectin content utilizing the ethanol yield method and the calcium pectate method was conducted in 13 and 7 tropical fruits, respectively. The variation in pectin content from the green to the mature and to the ripe stages was determined in 6 fruits. Finally, estimation of the percentage of methoxylation, as an indication of the gel forming potential of the pectin, was measured in 3 of the most promising pectin source fruits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4549.1984.tb00688.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variability of immunodeficiency associated with ataxia telangiectasia and clinical evolution in 12 affected patients (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Pediatric allergy and immunology 16 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3038
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) is an infrequent condition, which is difficult to diagnose in children. The objective was to describe the evolution of all affected patients controlled in our hospital and to highlight the keys for an early diagnosis considering the variability of immunological disorders. The present study is a retrospective review of all patients diagnosed and controlled of AT in our hospital. Twelve patients were found, including two couples of siblings. The most frequent reason for consultation was unstable gait. Seven patients suffered repeated infections, being pneumonia the most frequent cause of infection, followed by sinusitis. One of the patients developed Burkitt's lymphoma, and another patient, Hodgkin's lymphoma, which caused the death of the patient at the age of 11. A couple of siblings aged 17 and 22 years developed insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus. The most frequent immunity disorders were the IgG deficiency and the decrease of T lymphocytes. Seven patients were treated with non-specific gamma-globulin. By the end of the follow-up, 8 patients (ages ranged 7 to 12 years) lost gait. Molecular genetic testing was conducted in patients who are still cared for in our hospital. Clinical suspicion of this entity will lead to an early diagnosis, the treatment of complications, and to provide genetic counselling for the families.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.2005.00323.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sample load-lock and manipulation system with heating capacity (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 267-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An apparatus consisting basically of a fast entry load-lock system with sample manipulation and heating capacity is described. Special attention is paid to the differential pumping details and the sample heating. This low-cost system is within the possibilities of tradesmen and workshops. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145271
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ESTIMATION OF PREY DENSITIES REQUIRED BY WESTERN NORTH ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALES (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 2 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The apparent lack of significant recovery of western North Atlantic right whale populations may be related to the availability of prey in exploitable densities. We have attempted to estimate the concentration of zooplankton required by right whales to obtain a net energetic benefit over the long term, using estimated values for body weight, metabolic rate, assimilation efficiency, time spent feeding, mouth size and swimming speed. The estimated range of required energy densities is 7.57 to 2,394 kcal m−3 (3.17 × 104 to 1.00 × 107 joule m−3). These values are from one to more than three orders of magnitude greater than the densest concentration sampled in the vicinity of right whale aggregations in the Great South Channel. Right whales must seek out and exploit extremely dense patches of prey organisms in order to feed efficiently. The presence of such dense patches of zooplankton is likely to be a primary characteristic of spring, summer and fall right whale habitats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1986.tb00024.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative pathology after intrathecal endotoxin in the rabbit, dog and monkey (1969)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 25 (1969), S. 622-623 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Pathologische Veränderungen bei Kaninchen, Hunden und Affen nach intrazysternaler Verabreichung von Bakterienendotoxinen sind einander sehr ähnlich, während sie nach i.v. Injektion bei allen 3 Tiergruppen auffallend verschieden sind. Dies führt zur Annahme, dass die Wirkung des Endotoxins zur Hauptsache offenbar nicht über das Zentralnervensystem geht.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01896551
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epidemiology of HIV-2 infection in Spain (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 15 (1996), S. 383-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) infection is endemic in West Africa, where it is responsible for many cases of AIDS. HIV-2-infected subjects have been described in other countries, mainly African immigrants, although infection in native individuals has been reported as well. The first cases of HIV-2 infection in Spain were identified in 1988. Through December 1995, 56 HIV-2-infected individuals have been diagnosed, primarily in large urban areas (23 cases in Madrid and 18 in Barcelona). All are African immigrants, except for 12 natives (21.4%), six of whom acquired the infection in endemic areas; the remaining six (2 women with numerous sexual partners and 4 homo/bisexual men) acquired the infection in Spain. Heterosexual transmission was probable in all but seven cases: five homo/bisexual males, a subject who likely acquired infection through parenteral exposure, and a child born to an HIV-2-infected mother. Nine patients (all Spanish bom) have developed AIDS (16%), six of whom have died. In conclusion, HIV-2 infection is present in Spain at a low rate, and there is little evidence supporting an emerging ongoing transmission outside the population of African immigrants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01690094
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