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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ontogenesis and Sexual Dimorphism of Rat Growth Hormone Messenger Ribonucleic Acid as Studied by in situ Hybridization (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 2 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We have investigated the ontogeny of growth hormone (GH) mRNA in the developing rat foetus and also from birth to adulthood. Using quantitative in situ hybridization, we studied the variations in the levels of GH mRNA during foetal and postnatal life in the pituitary of both male and female rats. A cDNA probe to GH mRNA was used to detect GH transcripts on fixed pituitary sections at different stages of development. Few labelled cells were observed in the lateral wings of the anterior pituitary from the 17th to 19th day of gestation in both sexes. The amounts of GH mRNA significantly increased in both male and female rats from neonatal to adult life, reaching the highest levels after puberty. A clear sexual dimorphism was observed at the 20th day of foetal life, GH mRNA levels being higher in male than in female rats. After birth, no significant differences of GH mRNA levels could be observed between male and female rats until 30 days of age (prepubertal period) when male rats exhibited GH mRNA levels higher than females. This sexual difference in GH mRNA levels remained constant throughout adult life. Moreover, gonadectomy performed at neonatal, prepubertal and adult periods in both male and female rats did not modify GH mRNA levels in either sex. These results indicate that an early synthesis of GH mRNA occurs in foetal pituitary and that the sexual dimorphism of GH mRNA observed from 30 days of age is not related to sex steroids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2826.1990.tb00455.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Melatonin Receptors are Present in Non-Optic Regions of the Brain of a Deep-Sea Fish Living in the Absence of Solar Light (1996)
    Oxford : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 8 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Pineal melatonin hormonally transduces photoperiod to influence daily and seasonal cycles in most vertebrates (1, 2). Evidence of melatonin receptors throughout the brain of several fish species (3–5), particularly in retinorecipient structures, also indicates a role in visual processing. Despite the absence of solar light many deep-sea organisms show seasonality (6–8). The presence of central melatonin receptors was investigated by quantitative in vitro autoradiography in the deep-sea fish Coryphaenoides (Nematonurus) armatus. Specific, time-dependent, saturable, high affinity and guanine nucleotide sensitive, 2-[125I]iodomelatonin binding was found over the mid-brain tegmentum and hindbrain. Competing ligand potency was iodomelatonin 〉 melatonin 5-HT. Although C.(N.) armatus has well developed eyes no 2-[125I]iodomelatonin binding occurred in optic tectum, cerebellum or hypothalamus. Thus melatonin involvement in processing of visual information and control of seasonal physiology via hypothalamic areas appears to be absent in this species. The presence of central G-protein coupled receptors indicates a function for melatonin unrelated to solar light.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2826.1996.tb00702.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Central GABAergic innervation of the pituitary in goldfish: A radioautographic and immunocytochemical study at the electron microscope level
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    General and Comparative Endocrinology 67 (1987), S. 324-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 0016-6480
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-6480(87)90186-9
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Association of apolipoprotein ɛ4 allele and neuropathologic findings in patients with dementia (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 90 (1995), S. 239-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Apolipoprotein E ; Dementia ; Diffuse Lewy body disease ; Alzheimer's disease ; Parkinson's disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a lipoprotein expressed in liver and brain as one of three isoforms (APOE 2, APOE 3 and APOE 4). Recent findings suggest that the presence of APOE 4 is associated with an increased risk for both familial Alzheimer's disease and late-onset Alzheimer's disease. We extended these observations by determining the frequency of APOE alleles in patients with pathologically confirmed Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), diffuse Lewy Body disease (DLBD), AD with concomitant PD pathology, demented PD patients without or with concomitant AD pathology and in schizophrenics with a progressive dementia (SCHIZ+DEM). The APOE genotype was determined by restriction digestion of polymerase chain reaction-amplified DNA isolated from frozen brain samples. The frequency of the APOE ɛ4 allele was highest among sporadic AD and DLBD patients (0.30 and 0.38, respectively) and lowest in the SCHIZ+DEM and non-demented PD patients (0.06 and 0.1, respectively). Thus, the APOE ɛ4 allele is over-represented selectively in patients with dementias associated with plaques and tangles and/or cortical Lewy bodies, but not in demented schizophrenics or non-demented PD patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296506
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Association of apolipoprotein ε4 allele and neuropathologic findings in patients with dementia (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 90 (1995), S. 239-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Apolipoprotein E ; Dementia ; Diffuse Lewy body disease ; Alzheimer's disease ; Parkinson's disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a lipoprotein expressed in liver and brain as one of three isoforms (APOE 2, APOE 3 and APOE 4). Recent findings suggest that the presence of APOE 4 is associated with an increased risk for both familial Alzheimer's disease and late-onset Alzheimer's disease. We extended these observations by determining the frequency of APOE alleles in patients with pathologically confirmed Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), diffuse Lewy Body disease (DLBD), AD with concomitant PD pathology, demented PD patients without or with concomitant AD pathology and in schizophrenics with a progressive dementia (SCHIZ+DEM). The APOE genotype was determined by restriction digestion of polymerase chain reaction-amplified DNA isolated from frozen brain samples. The frequency of the APOE ε4 allele was highest among sporadic AD and DLBD patients (0.30 and 0.38, respectively) and lowest in the SCHIZ+DEM and non-demented PD patients (0.06 and 0.1, respectively). Thus, the APOE ε4 allele is over-represented selectively in patients with dementias associated with plaques and tangles and/or cortical Lewy bodies, but not in demented schizophrenics or non-demented PD patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296506
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological evidence for a direct neuroendocrine GABAergic control of the anterior pituitary in teleosts (1987)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 43 (1987), S. 300-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: GABA ; immunocytochemistry ; anterior pituitary ; neuroendocrine control ; teleost
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The anterior pituitary of teleosts is unique among vertebrates in receiving a direct innervation which represents the morphological support of the neuroendocrine control of pars distalis functions. The participation of GABAergic fibers in this innervation was studied by means of immunocytochemistry at the light and electron microscopic levels, using antibodies against GABA. Immunoreactive fibers, characterized by the presence of small clear and dense cored vesicles, were detected in all parts of the gland. Immunopositive terminals were found in close, sometimes synaptic-like, contact with most glandular cell types in the anterior lobe. The data strongly suggest that in teleosts, as in mammals, GABA is involved in the neuroendocrine control of anterior pituitary functions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01945558
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ontogeny of Ha-ras and c-myc mRNA levels in rabbit embryo and extraembryonic tissues by quantitative in situ hybridization (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 31 (1992), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Oncogenes ; Development ; Embryo ; Placenta ; Rabbit ; In situ hybridization ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A large variety of proto-oncogenes are known to be of key importance in cellular growth and differentiation during embryonic development. Using quantitative during in situ hybridization, we studied in detail the levels of the proto-oncogenes Ha-ras and c-myc mRNA in embryos and extraembryonic tissues (maternal and embryonic placentas, trophoblast, and endometrial epithelium) during prental life of rabbit. cDNA probes encoding for Ha-ras (fragment Kpn 1-BstE II of 883 bp) and c-myc (fragment Pst 1-Pst 1 of 490 bp) were used to detect specific transcripts in fixed cryostat sections. High levels of Ha-ras and c-myc mRNA were detected in the rabbit embryo as well as in the decidua and in the trophoblast as early as day 9 of gestation. At 12 and 15 days of gestation, Ha-ras and c-myc mRNA levels decreased in both embryonic and maternal placenta while in the embryo a significant increase of Ha-ras and c-myc expression was detected with particular evidence in the central nervous system. Finally, at 25 days of gestation the expression of the two proto-oncogenes, Ha-ras and c-myc, was greatly decreased in both the embryo and extraembryonic tissues, and was undetectable by 30 days of gestation. These results show that in rabbit the expression of the two proto-oncogenes Ha-ras and c-myc is localized in the same tissues with similar intensity and follows an unparallel temporal modulation in the embryo and in the extraembryonic tissues during prental development.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080310102
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