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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modulation of murine experimental asthma by Ascaris suum components (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 35 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background We have recently isolated two distinct components from Ascaris suum adult worms with different effects on the immune system: the allergenic protein of A. suum (APAS-3), which induces IgE antibody production, and suppressive protein of A. suum (PAS-1), which inhibits humoral and cellular immune responses induced by unrelated antigens. In this study, we investigated the immunomodulatory effect of PAS-1 on a murine model of asthma induced by APAS-3.Methods BALB/c mice were immunized twice with APAS-3 or APAS-3 plus PAS-1 by the intraperitoneal and subcutaneous route (on days 0 and 7) and challenged twice with the same antigens intranasally (days 14 and 21). Two days after the last challenge, the allergic airway inflammation was evaluated by cellular migration, eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) activity, cytokine and chemokine production and pulmonary mechanical parameters.Results The allergenic properties of APAS-3 were confirmed by the stimulation of anaphylactic IgE and IgG1 antibody production and eosinophilic airway inflammation and hyper-responsiveness. On the other hand, PAS-1-treated mice showed a marked suppression of cellular migration and EPO activity that correlated well with a significant reduction in the levels of IL-4, IL-5, eotaxin and RANTES in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. In contrast, considerable amounts of IL-10 were observed in the BAL fluid of PAS-1-treated mice. Airway hyper-responsiveness was obtained in APAS-3-immunized mice, but the conductance of the respiratory system was restored to normal values in the presence of PAS-1.Conclusion These results indicate that A. suum allergenic protein APAS-3 induces a T helper 2-type immune response and, consequently, eosinophilic airway inflammation and hyper-responsiveness. Moreover, the modulatory protein PAS-1 has a marked suppressive effect on this response, and the inhibition of cytokine (IL-4, IL-5) and chemokine (eotaxin and RANTES) release, probably because of the presence of IL-10, may contribute to this effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02268.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of glucocorticoid and cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist treatments in an experimental model of chronic airway inflammation in guinea-pigs (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 34 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Leukotriene receptor antagonists have been demonstrated in several studies to possess bronchodilating and anti-inflammatory properties in asthma. However, there are few experimental studies performed to compare the effects of anti-leukotrienes and glucocorticoids, most used anti-inflammatory agents in asthma. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of treatment with dexamethasone or montelukast on eosinophil and mononuclear cell recruitment in an experimental model of allergen-induced chronic airway inflammation in guinea-pigs (GP).Methods GP were submitted to increasing concentrations of aerosols of ovalbumin (OVA) twice a week for 4 weeks. After 2 weeks, animals were treated daily with dexamethasone, montelukast or saline solution. After this period, GP were anaesthetized, tracheostomized, mechanically ventilated and challenged with OVA aerosol.Results Maximal changes of respiratory system resistance and elastance induced by OVA challenge were attenuated by dexamethasone (P〈0.001), but not by montelukast treatment. Neither dexamethasone nor montelukast significantly influenced bronchial oedema formation. Dexamethasone but not montelukast induced a decrease in mononuclear cells in airways (P〈0.001). Eosinophil infiltration in the bronchial wall was reduced by both dexamethasone and montelukast (P〈0.005). Only dexamethasone treatment reduced the levels of exhaled nitric oxide (P〈0.025).Conclusion Although leukotriene receptor antagonist treatment reduces eosinophil accumulation induced by multiple antigen challenges, glucocorticoid treatment attenuates both eosinophil and mononuclear cell infiltration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.01854.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eosinophilic inflammation and airway hyper-responsiveness are profoundly inhibited by a helminth (Ascaris suum) extract in a murine model of asthma (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background The increase of atopic disorders in developed countries has been associated with the decline of infectious diseases, including helminthic infections. We have already demonstrated that adult worm extracts from Ascaris suum (ASC) suppress the IgE antibody production against unrelated antigens.Objective Here we investigated the influence of ASC on the development of pulmonary eosinophilic inflammation in a murine model of asthma.Methods Heat-coagulated egg white alone (EWI) or mixed with ASC (EWI + ASC) was implanted subcutaneously in B10.A or C57BL/6 mice, and 14 days later they were challenged intratracheally with OVA or exposed to aerosolized OVA for 4 days.Results The suppressive effect of ASC was demonstrated on the accumulation of cells into airways, with reduction of eosinophil numbers and of eosinophil peroxidase activity in EWI + ASC- immunized mice. This effect correlated with a marked reduction of IL-5 and IL-4 levels in the BAL from C57BL/6 and B10.A mice, respectively, and of eotaxin in BAL and lung tissue from both strains. OVA-specific IgG1 and IgE levels were also impaired in serum and BAL from these mice. Airway hyper-reactivity to methacholine was obtained in B10.A mice sensitized with EWI, but the respiratory mechanical parameters returned to normal levels in EWI + ASC-immunized mice.Conclusion These results indicate that ASC has a profound inhibitory effect on lung inflammation and hyper-responsiveness and that suppression of IL-5 or IL-4 and of eotaxin contributes to this effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2002.01506.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunoglobulin E is not required for but enhances airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 58 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of immunoglobulin E (IgE) in the late phase reaction (LPR) of murine experimental asthma. Our model consisted of an implant of DNP-conjugated, heat-coagulated hen's egg white (DNP-EWI), followed 14 days later by an intratracheal challenge with aggregated DNP-ovalbumin. Airway inflammation was analyzed 48 h after challenge and compared with a similarly immunized group of mice with highly suppressed humoral response due to anti-μ and anti-δ antibody treatment. Total number of cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) (with predominance of eosinophils) and EPO activity in the lung homogenate were increased in the DNP-EWI-immunized group compared with immunosuppressed or nonimmunized mice. However, the cellular infiltration and EPO activity observed in the immunosuppressed group were still significantly above those obtained in the nonimmunized group, indicating that inhibition of antibody production did not completely prevent the inflammatory manifestations in BAL and lung. Airway hyperresponsiveness to methacoline was obtained in DNP-EWI-immunized mice, but the respiratory mechanical parameters returned to normal levels in the immunosuppressed group. When these mice were reconstituted with monoclonal anti-DNP antibodies, only IgE, but not IgG1, restored lung inflammation and decreased the conductance of the respiratory system, therefore, increasing hyperresponsiveness. These results indicate that antibodies are not essential for induction of LPR in the lung. However, IgE enhances pulmonary inflammation and hyperresponsiveness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2003.00206.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pulmonary edema in mice infected withPlasmodium berghei. Involvement of catecholamines (1984)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 40 (1984), S. 301-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Mice inoculated withPlasmodium berghei developed a drastic and significant pulmonary edema. Treatment of animals with phenoxybenzamine rendered mice hyporeactive to this physiopathological alteration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01947593
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dissipative fluid in conformally flat space-time (1997)
    Springer
    International journal of theoretical physics 36 (1997), S. 1457-1463 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9575
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We consider a conformally flat, inhomogeneous solution of the Einstein equations for a dissipative fluid. The production of entropy is found to depend on some arbitrary functions of time. By some subsidiary conditions, such a model is shown to evolve into a homogeneous Friedmann-type universe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02435939
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The sources of the A and B degenerate static vacuum fields (1996)
    Springer
    General relativity and gravitation 28 (1996), S. 1309-1320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9532
    Keywords: Weyl metric ; line mass source
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We study some known static vacuum solutions of Einstein's equations, namely, the A and B metrics of Ehlers and Kundt. All of them have axial symmetry, so they can be transformed to the Weyl form. In Weyl coordinates log √−g 44 obeys a Laplace equation, and from this a source, calledthe Newtonian image source, can be identified. We use the image sources to give a possible interpretation to the metrics. The procedure is successful in some cases. In others it fails because the Weyl transform does not have reasonable properties at infinity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02109523
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Platelet involvement in rat paw edema induced by 2-methoxy-PAF (1986)
    Springer
    Inflammation 10 (1986), S. 393-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2576
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PAF-acether (PAF) or 2-methoxy-PAF (2-MX) caused a dose-dependent paw edema showing a 1: 25 ratio between their inflammatory activities. 2-MX caused a thrombocytopenia, whereas PAF did not alter the number of these cells. Both phospholipids induced reductions in total leukocyte count. Rat antiplatelet serum produced platelet depletion by PAF-induced paw edema was unaffected. The edema of 2-MX was significantly reduced by antiplatelet serum, under conditions where normal serum was inactive against the edema induced by PAF or 2-MX. Histopathological analysis of PAF and 2-MX-induced edema showed, in the first case, a small infiltrate of neutrophils, some lymphocytes, and several mastocytes around the vessels and, in the second, a neutrophilic infiltrate. These results suggest that PAF and 2-MX may produce edema through different mechanisms and that 2-MX causes edema in part through platelet activation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00915823
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