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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute renal failure in critically ill patients (1999)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 25 (1999), S. 1188-1190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001340051037
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of endothelin-1 in pressure autoregulation of cerebral blood flow in rats (1999)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 25 (1999), S. 1282-1286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Cerebral perfusion pressure ; Intracranial pressure ; Mean arterial pressure ; Endothelium ; Pressure autoregulation ; Cerebral blood flow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To investigate the role of the endothelin system in pressure autoregulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) in rats.¶Design: We tested pressure autoregulation by increasing cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP; mean arterial pressure–intracranial pressure) with norepinephrine (0.08 μg · kg−1· min−1 for 30 min) twice in ten anesthetized normocapnic rats. The first test was performed without (control test) and the second test after administration of the combined endothelin ETA/B receptor antagonist, bosentan, i. v. (30 mg/kg; drug test). CBF was measured by the hydrogen clearance technique.¶Results: During the control test, norepinephrine infusion increased CPP by 21 ± 2 (23 ± 2 %) mmHg (mean ± SEM; p 〈 0.001) and CBF by 3.6 ± 3.1 (6 ± 8 %) ml/100 g/min (p = 0.5, Fig. 1); during the drug test, norepinephrine infusion increased CPP by 18 ± 1 (20 ± 2 %) mmHg (p 〈 0.001) and CBF by 15.8 ± 4.1 (46 ± 13 %) ml/100 g/min (p = 0.004). Mean arterial pressure was not affected by bosentan infusion (p = 0.2). PaC02 levels were stable during the tests (40.2 ± 1.4 mmHg).¶Conclusions: The endothelin system is involved in cerebral pressure autoregulation in a rodent model in vivo. The role of this system under pathophysiologic conditions such as subarachnoid hemorrhage, where basal vascular tone and its regulation may be altered, remains to be defined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001340051058
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inspiratory effort and measurement of dynamic intrinsic PEEP in COPD patients: Effects of ventilator triggering systems (1995)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 21 (1995), S. 896-903 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: COPD ; Acute respiratory failure ; pressure time product ; Intrinsic PEEP ; Flow trigger
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective To investigate effects of ventilator triggering systems (pressure and flow triggering: PT and FT) on measurement of dynamic intrinsic PEEP (PEEPidyn) and patient-ventilator interaction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during weaning from mechanical ventilation. Design Prospective study. Setting Medical/surgical intensive care unit of an academic hospital. Patients and participants 6 COPD patients with acute respiratory failure ready to wean. Measurements We measured flow, airway opening, esophageal and gastric pressures. Minute ventilation, breathing pattern and pressure time product (PTP) of the respiratory muscles and of the diaphragm were obtained during spontaneous ventilation through a mechanical ventilator (Puritan-Bennett 7200ae). Two triggering systems, namely PT and FT, were evaluated. Results The inspiratory muscles effort necessary to overcome the triggering system overestimated PEEPidyn measurement of an amount equal to 49±2 and 58±3% during respectively pressure and flow triggering. FT increased tidal volume and minute ventilation and decrease PTP/b and PTP/min of the respiratory muscles and diaphragm. Conclusions To correctly measure PEEPidyn, the inspiratory effort produced to overcome PEEPi and to trigger the ventilator must be discriminated. Application of flow triggering requires less effort to initiate inspiration and provide a positive end-expiratory pressure level that is able to unload the respiratory muscles by reducing PEEPi. With flow triggering higher minute ventilation are obtained in COPD patients during the weaning phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01712330
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute lung injury in head trauma patients (1998)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 24 (1998), S. 1115-1116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001340050727
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical changes during thermal oxidation of PAN fibres and effects of γ-radiation pre-treatment
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Thermochimica Acta 184 (1991), S. 251-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 0040-6031
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0040-6031(91)80029-I
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ceramers Based on Crosslinked Epoxy Resins-Silica Hybrids: Low Surface Energy Systems (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of sol gel science and technology 13 (1998), S. 405-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4846
    Keywords: epoxy ; fluorine ; surface energy ; ceramers ; organic-inorganic hybrids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Ceramers based on silica and bisphenol-A epoxy resin cured with methyl nadic anhydride (MNA) and diamino diphenyl sulphone (DDS) were prepared in THF solutions. Compatibilization was induced through functionalization of the epoxy resin with amine trialkoxy silanes prior to mixing with a pre-hydrolyzed tetralkoxysilane solution (TEOS). The epoxy ceramers were further modified by the addition of small amounts of a silane functionalized alkane perfluoroether oligomer. A morphology consisting of very fine interpenetrating phases could be easily achieved through the silane functionalization of the epoxy resin. The final ceramer, however, always displayed a reduction in the glass transition temperature (Tg), resulting either from reactions of the anhydride hardener with the ethanol produced from the hydrolysis of TEOS or from the reaction of the acid catalyst with the epoxy groups. The use of the perfluoroether oligomer produced a large reduction in surface energy due to migration of the fluorinated components to the outer layers of the films.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008613025946
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carboxylic acid functionalization of nylon 6 by radiation grafting and conversion to zinc salts: effects on physical properties (1997)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 275 (1997), S. 689-697 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Polymer functionalization ; Nylon 6 ; methacrylic acid ; radiation grafting ; glass transition temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  Functionalization of polymers by grafting monomeric species on to the backbone of molecular chains with the use of γ-radiation has been used extensively. In this work methacrylic acid was grafted onto a commercial grade of polycaproamide (Nylon 6) by preirradiating the polymer granules to 15 kGy at a rate of 1.0 kGy per hour and subsequently immersing these in a 10% aqueous solution of methacrylic acid in the presence of small quantities of FeSO4 as homopolymerization inhibitor. The polymer was subsequently neutralized by mixing it with zinc acetylacetonate in a laboratory scale melt mixing device. The acid-grafting polymer modification resulted in an increase in glass transition temperature, while the addition of zinc acetylacetonate gave rise to two transitions: The lower transition corresponds to a miscible mixture of free polyamide and acid-grafted polymer, both plasticized with undecomposed zinc compound, while the upper transition corresponds to the zinc salt of the acid grafted polyamide. Through rheological measurements it was shown that both the acid-grafted polymer and the derived zinc salt have a branched structure, possibly containing also some crosslinked domains. Large improvements in solvent resistance were observed for both type of polymer modifications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050136
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebral blood flow and metabolism in severe brain injury: the role of pressure autoregulation during cerebral perfusion pressure management (2000)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 26 (2000), S. 202-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Cerebral blood flow ; CPP management ; Intracranial pressure ; Pressure autoregulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To ascertain if norepinephrine can be used as part of the cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) management to increase arterial blood pressure (MAP) without causing cerebral hyperemia after severe head injury (HI).¶Design: Prospective, interventional study.¶Setting: Intensive care unit in a university hospital.¶Patients: Twelve severely HI patients; median Glasgow Coma Scale was 6 (range 3–8).¶Interventions: CPP management ( = 70 mmHg). Pressure autoregulation (assessed by norepinephrine infusion) was defined intact if %CPP/%CVR ≤ 2.¶Results: Cerebral blood flow (CBF: Xe133 inhalation technique), jugular bulb oxygen saturation (SjO2) and transcranial Doppler (TCD) were recorded during the test. Norepinephrine increased CPP by 33 % ( ± 4). Autoregulation was found to be intact in ten patients and defective in two. In the ten patients with preserved autoregulation, CBF decreased from 31 ± 3 to 28 ± 3 ml/100 g/min; in the two patients with impaired autoregulation CBF increased respectively from 16 to 35 and from 21 to 70 ml/100 g/min. SjO2 did not change significantly from baseline. TCD remained within the normal range.¶Conclusions: During CPP management norepinephrine can be used to increase MAP without potentiating hyperemia if pressure autoregulation is preserved. The assessment of pressure autoregulation should be considered as a guide for arterial pressure-oriented therapy after HI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001340050046
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biaxial orientation of polymers by solid state extrusion through convergent-divergent dies (1991)
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 30 (1991), S. 369-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Convergent flow ; divergent flow ; solid-state extrusion ; biaxial extension ; orientation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Solid-state extrusion of crystalline thermoplastics is a well known method for the production of monoaxially oriented filaments exhibiting very high modulus and strength. This is achieved primarily by forcing the polymer through a converging conical die at temperatures below its melting point. In the present study the polymer is subjected to deformations simultaneously along the longitudinal and transverse directions by using dies featuring converging and diverging walls, perpendicular to each other, to produce flat extrudates exhibiting biaxial orientation. Two geometries are examined to determine the factors controlling the relative magnitude of the orientation in the extrusion and transverse directions respectively, which is being assessed by measuring the birefringence and tensile strength in various sections of the extrudates. Experiments have been carried out over a wide range of temperatures on billets of PTFE and UHMWPE, using dies mounted on a compression testing apparatus to measure the extrusion forces. The mechanics of the converging-diverging flow has been analysed to calculate the extrusion forces as function of the yield strength and coefficient of friction of the polymer and to establish the relationship between type of orientation in extruded products and die geometry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00404196
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of sodium concentration on the morphology and rheological behaviour of alkoxide-carboxylate co-ionomeric mixtures of phenoxy and ethylene terpolymers (1994)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 272 (1994), S. 168-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Ionomeric mixtures ; phenoxy ; alkoxide ; carboxylate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Mixtures at various weight ratios of phenoxy (PH) and a terpolymer of ethylene tert. butyl acrylate-acrylic acid (EAA) were prepared in a Brabender Plasticorder in the presence of different amounts of sodium ethoxide (NaOEt). The mixtures were examined by SEM, DSC, and dynamic rheometry. While the crystallisation characteristics of EAA were affected only to a small extent by the addition of NAOEt, the corresponding mixtures with phenoxy acquired an increasingly more pronounced amorphous nature by increasing the concentration of NaOEt. SEM examinations revealed that the morphology of the mixtures became more homogeneous when NaOEt was present. This was manifested also by a change from dual relaxations to single relaxations in the Cole-Cole plots of the rheological data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00658843
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