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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relationship between xyloglucan endotransglycosylase and in-vitro cell wall extension in cucumber hypocotyls (1993)
    Springer
    Planta 190 (1993), S. 327-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Cell wall (expansion, enzymes) ; Cucumis (cell wall expansion) ; Enzyme (cell wall) ; Protein (cell wall extension inducing) ; Xyloglucan endotransglycosylase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract It has been proposed that cell wall loosening during plant cell growth may be mediated by the endotransglycosylation of load-bearing polymers, specifically of xyloglucans, within the cell wall. A xyloglucan endotransglycosylase (XET) with such activity has recently been identified in several plant species. Two cell wall proteins capable of inducing the extension of plant cell walls have also recently been identified in cucumber hypocotyls. In this report we examine three questions: (1) Does XET induce the extension of isolated cell walls? (2) Do the extension-inducing proteins possess XET activity? (3) Is the activity of the extension-inducing proteins modulated by a xyloglucan nonasaccharide (Glc4-Xyl3-Gal2)? We found that the soluble proteins from growing cucumber (cucumis sativum L.) hypocotyls contained high XET activity but did not induce wall extension. Highly purified wall-protein fractions from the same tissue had high extension-inducing activity but little or no XET activity. The XET activity was higher at pH 5.5 than at pH 4.5, while extension activity showed the opposite sensitivity to pH. Reconstituted wall extension was unaffected by the presence of a xyloglucan nonasaccharide (Glc4-Xyl3-Gal2), an oligosaccharide previously shown to accelerate growth in pea stems and hypothesized to facilitate growth through an effect on XET-induced cell wall loosening. We conclude that XET activity alone is neither sufficient nor necessary for extension of isolated walls from cucumber hypocotyls.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00196961
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of a heterologous expansin in transgenic tomato plants (2000)
    Springer
    Planta 211 (2000), S. 583-586 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words: Cell wall –Cucumis (expansin) – Expansin – Growth (expansin) –Lycopersicon (transgenic) – Transgenic tomato
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract.  Expansins are cell wall proteins thought to play an important role in growth and other events involving cell wall modifications. Whereas the expression patterns of many isoforms have been characterised, the nature of their activity is still poorly understood. Large amounts of active expansins are necessary to undertake biochemical studies and identify their substrates. We report here the successful expression of a recombinant expansin [CsExp1, isolated from cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) hypocotyls] in transgenic tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants, under the control of a constitutive promoter. In some transformants, CsExp1 transcript and protein accumulated to high levels, and expansin activity extractable from the cell walls was increased up to about 20-fold the activity measured in wild-type plants. These results confirm the identity of the CsExp1 coding sequence, and will enable large quantities of active expansin to be obtained for further studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004250000319
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in Extreme Rainfall Events in South Africa (1999)
    Springer
    Climatic change 41 (1999), S. 249-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1480
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Extreme rainfall events can have severe impacts on society, so possible long-term changes in the intensity of extreme events are of concern. Testing for long-term changes in the intensity of extreme events is complicated by data inhomogeneities resulting from site and instrumentation changes. Using rainfall data from stations in South Africa that have not involved site relocations, but which have not been tested for inhomogeneities resulting from changes in instrumentation, a method of testing for changes in the intensity of extreme events is adopted. Significant increases in the intensity of extreme rainfall events between 1931–1960 and 1961–1990 are identified over about 70% of the country. The intensity of the 10-year high rainfall events has increased by over 10% over large areas of the country, except in parts of the north-east, north-west and in the winter rainfall region of the south-west. Percentage increases in the intensity of high rainfall events are largest for the most extreme events. While some inhomogeneities remain in the data used, the observed changes in the intensity of extreme rainfall events over South Africa are thought to be at least partly real.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005450924499
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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