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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Jonospheres of Mars and Venus (1976)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 4 (1976), S. 319-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6597
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ea.04.050176.001535
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photochemical bromine production implicated in Arctic boundary-layer ozone depletion (1992)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 355 (1992), S. 150-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Two questions must be addressed if gas-phase Br chemistry is identified as the origin of the O3 depletion. The first is the source of the high levels of filterable Br (f-Br, the sum of Br on particles and gaseous species such as HBr efficiently collected by Whatman 41 cellulose ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/355150a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Natural Sources of Atmospheric CO (1971)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 233 (1971), S. 187-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Reactions (1) and (2) dominate below 80 km. The meta-stable O atom in (2) is formed by photolysis of ozone and its concentration can be readily determined with available data on reaction rates3'4. Removal of CH4 in the troposphere is dominated by (1) with OH produced chiefly by OOD) +H20-〉OH + OH ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/233187a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for bromine monoxide in the free troposphere during the Arctic polar sunrise (1999)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 397 (1999), S. 338-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] During the Arctic polar springtime, dramatic ozone losses occur not only in the stratosphere but also in the underlying troposphere. These tropospheric ozone loss events have been observed over large areas, in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) throughout the Arctic. They are associated with ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/16904
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amalgams of Weyl algebras and theA (V, δ, Γ) conjecture (1988)
    Springer
    Inventiones mathematicae 92 (1988), S. 163-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1297
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary We prove a long standing conjecture ([5, Conjecture 5.6]) concerning the algebrasA (V, δ, Γ). Namely, two such algebrasA (V, δ, Γ),A (W, ε, Ω) are isomorphic if and only if there is an isomorphism between the ‘triples’ (V, δ, Γ), (W, ε, Ω) from which they are constructed. As a consequence, to each primitive ideal in the enveloping algebra of a solvable Lie algebra there is associated a unique (V, δ, Γ).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01393997
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterogeneous Chemistry and the O3 Budget in the Lower Mid-Latitude Stratosphere (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 35 (2000), S. 109-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: O3 ; budget ; mid-latitude ; lower stratosphere ; temperature dependence ; aerosol loading ; chemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A photochemical box model including a detailed heterogeneous chemistrymodule has been used to analyze in detail the effects of temperature andaerosol surface area on odd oxygen production/depletion in the lowerstratosphere at 30° S. Results show that for background aerosolloading, the hydrolysis of BrONO2 and N2O5are most important atall temperatures studied except when the temperature falls below about205 K, when ClONO2 hydrolysis becomes most important. Thisprocessing leads to removal of active nitrogen to form nitric acid andenhancement of HOx, BrOx, ClOx levels. Detailed O3 budgets asa function of temperature are presented showing how ozone loss andproduction terms vary with changes in stratospheric sulfate aerosol loadingfor the individual families. For (most) aerosol loading levels, thelargest ozone losses occurred at warmer temperatures due to the strongtemperature dependence of the NOx ozone-destroying reactions. Theexception to this occurred for the conditions representative of volcanicloading, which showed a strong increase in ozone destruction due toincreases in destruction from the ClOx and HOx families.The ozoneproduction term k[NO][HO2] did not show a strong dependence oneithertemperature or aerosol loading, due to the offsetting effect of reducedNOxand increased HOx concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006280926678
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of model calculations and measurements of acetone in the troposphere and stratosphere (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 8 (1989), S. 277-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: Acetone ; propane ; model ; measurement ; season ; source ; hydrocarbons ; PAN
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract We present 1-D eddy diffusion model calculations of the distributions of propane and acetone in the atmosphere for continental conditions. The magnitude of the surface seasonal variation in propane mixing ratios that we obtain is in general agreement with measurements at the surface and in the free troposphere. A comparison of the absolute values of the model with propane measurements suggests that a larger surface flux than we have used may be more appropriate for continental conditions. The acetone model results for summer conditions that we obtain are also in reasonable accord with measurements. However, we find serious disagreement between the model winter profiles of acetone and the measurements at the tropopause and in the lower stratosphere. The measured values are lower than the model values at 45° N by a factor of 7–30. In addition, it is also surprising that, given the relatively long lifetime of acetone, free tropospheric values of acetone more representative of surface values have not been measured. The results simulating the decay of elevated levels of propane in the upper troposphere caused by rapid convective transport of boundary layer air indicate that propane will be primarily dispersed by transport rather than destroyed photochemically. Thus, the impact on acetone and PAN is minimal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00051498
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultraviolet spectrometer experiment for the Voyager mission (1977)
    Springer
    Space science reviews 21 (1977), S. 183-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The Voyager Ultraviolet Spectrometer (UVS) is an objective grating spectrometer covering the wavelength range of 500–1700 Å with 10 Å resolution. Its primary goal is the determination of the composition and structure of the atmospheres of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and several of their satellites. The capability for two very different observational modes have been combined in a single instrument. Observations in the airglow mode measure radiation from the atmosphere due to resonant scattering of the solar flux or energetic particle bombardment, and the occultation mode provides measurements of the atmospheric extinction of solar or stellar radiation as the spacecraft enters the shadow zone behind the target. In addition to the primary goal of the solar system atmospheric measurements, the UVS is expected to make valuable contributions to stellar astronomy at wavelengths below 1000 Å.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00200850
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Impact of Non-Lambertian Wavelength-Dependent Reflecting Surfaces on Stratospheric Radiation and Photochemistry (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 26 (1997), S. 29-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: radiative transfer ; non-Lambertian surface ; ocean ; cloud ; photolysis ; chemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract We have developed models of physically-based cloud and ocean surfacesfor use in photochemical models. These surface models are described in termsof a flux albedo and a normalized reflection function.Through these, the dependence of albedo on wavelength, solar zenithangle, cloud optical depth (cloud surfaces) and surface windspeed (ocean surfaces) are allowed for. In addition, the non-Lambertian nature of these surfaces is accounted for.We have integrated these surfacemodels into a multiple scattering radiative transfer model to assess their effects on the stratospheric radiation field and J-values. This was accomplished by comparison with results obtainedusing Lambertian, constant albedo surfaces. Comparisons of stratospheric radiation fields revealed that boththe wavelength and directional dependences of the cloud and oceansurfaces could be large effects.Differences between calculated J-values varied from 0 to 12% depending upon species, solar zenith angle, andheight.The J-values were then used as input for a chemical box model to examine the effects these surfaces had on stratospheric chemistry. Comparisons were made against box model runs using J-values fromconstant surfaces. Overall, the effect was on the order of 10%.Differences in number densities using these different surfacesvaried with latitude, height and species.Runs were made with and without heterogeneous chemistry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005775402045
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