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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Albuminuria in Australian Aboriginal people: prevalence and associations with components of the metabolic syndrome (2000)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 43 (2000), S. 1397-1403 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Microalbuminuria, Australian Aboriginal people, epidemiology, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. To examine the prevalence and associations with the metabolic syndrome of albuminuria among Australian Aboriginal people.¶Methods. Early-morning urine specimens were collected as part of community-based risk factor surveys assessing the prevalence of diabetes and cardiovascular disease in eight remote communities, with a sample size of 1,075 people. Microalbuminuria was defined as urinary albumin : creatinine ratio 3.4–33.9 mg/mmol, macroalbuminuria as albumin : creatinine ratio equal to or greater than 34 mg/mmol.¶Results. There were high prevalences of microalbuminuria (men 22.2 %, women 26.9 %) and of macroalbuminuria (men 10.4 %, women 13.5 %). There were highly statistically significant linear associations of microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria with increasing number of coexisting components of the metabolic syndrome (hypertension, glucose intolerance, dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance, abdominal obesity): among people with zero, one, two and three to five of these conditions, respectively, prevalence of microalbuminuria was 16 %, 20 %, 36 % and 32 % (p 〈 0.001); prevalence of macroalbuminuria was 2 %, 6 %, 12 % and 32 % (p 〈 0.001). There were independent associations of microalbuminuria with hypertension (odds ratio, 95 % confidence interval = 2.36, 1.63–3.42) and diabetes (2.10, 1.28–3.45): macroalbuminuria was independently associated with hypertension (6.39, 3.93–10.4), diabetes (3.49, 1.93–6.28) and abdominal obesity (4.56, 2.40–8.64) and had a weaker association with insulin resistance (1.99, 1.12–3.54). Dyslipidaemia and impaired glucose tolerance were neither independently associated with microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria, nor was insulin resistance or abdominal obesity independently associated with microalbuminuria.¶Conclusion/interpretation. There was a strong clustering of albuminuria with components of the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes, hypertension and abdominal obesity are major contributors to high rates of albuminuria among Australian Aboriginal people. [Diabetologia (2000) 43: 1397–1403]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051545
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Should all patients with dermatitis herpetiformis follow a gluten-free diet? (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 9 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aim To assess the effect of a gluten-free diet in Irish patients with dermatitis herpetiformis, and whether treatment with a gluten-free diet is as important for patients with a normal small bowel biopsy us for those with villous atrophy.Background Though a gluten-free diet is recommended in the management of dermatitis herpetiformis, many patients find it intolerably restrictive. To date we have recommended it only to patients with abnormal small bowel histology.Methods Forty patients with dermatitis herpetiformis who attended our clinic between 1979 and 1994 were studied retrospectively. Villous atrophy was present in 20 (64%) of 31 initial small bowel biopsies in patients not on a gluten-free diet.Results The median time to a 50% reduction in dapsone requirements was 6 months in patients who followed a gluten-free diet. (n = 14). 10.5 months in those who had a gluten-reduced diet (n = 4) and 10.5 months in those who took a normal diet (n = 22). Four of 14 patients (29%) on a gluten-free diet were able to discontinue medication in 1–5 years compared with 2 of 22 (9%) on a normal diet. The mean time to a 50% reduction in dapsone requirements was similar in patients with and without villous atrophy. 9.3 versus 9.0 months in patients on a gluten-free diet and 12.0 versus 15.3 months in patients on a normal diet.Conclusion We conclude that a gluten-free diet should be strongly encouraged in all dermatitis herpetiformis patients, since those with normal small bowel biopsy findings benefit equally from the diet as do those with villous atrophy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.1997.tb00506.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High Tc superconducting second-order gradiometer (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 2197-2199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A planar, second-order gradiometer was fabricated from single-layer YBa2Cu3O7−x films. The gradiometer consists of a symmetric flux transformer with an overall length of 80 mm inductively coupled to a directly coupled magnetometer, and has a baseline of 31 mm. The mutual inductance between the flux transformer and the magnetometer is adjusted mechanically to reduce the response to a uniform magnetic field applied perpendicularly to the plane of the gradiometer to typically 50 ppm. From an independent measurement, the residual first-order gradient response was determined to be at most 1.4% relative to the second-order gradient response. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.122421
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-field magnetic resonance imaging with a high-Tc dc superconducting quantum interference device (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 3695-3697 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A spectrometer incorporating a high transition temperature dc superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) is used to obtain nuclear magnetic resonance signals from protons in mineral oil at room temperature in fields up to 3 mT. The spatial separation between the SQUID magnetometer at 77 K and the sample at room temperature is less than 1 mm. At 2 mT, the signal is easily resolved in a single scan. Two-dimensional images of samples consisting of pieces of lucite or glass immersed in mineral oil are obtained at 2 mT. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.125432
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immune function of patients receiving recombinant human interleukin-6 (IL-6) in a phase I clinical study:  induction of C-reactive protein and IgE and inhibition of natural killer and lymphokine-activated killer cell activity (1994)
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 38 (1994), S. 119-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Key words: Interleukin-2 – Interleukin-6 – NK activity – LAK activity – IgE – Cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a cytokine that acts on a variety of cell types, including myeloid progenitor cells and B and T lymphocytes. It has been found to activate cytotoxic T cells and natural killer (NK) cells and to induce T-cell-mediated antitumour effects in animal models. In a phase I clinical trial of recombinant human IL-6, 20 patients with advanced cancer were entered to receive daily subcutaneous injections of IL-6 over 7 days followed by a 2-week observation period and another 4 weeks of daily IL-6 injections. Doses varied between 0.5 μg/kg and 20 μg/kg body weight and immune functions were monitored throughout. At all dose levels IL-6 administration led to a marked increase in serum levels of C-reactive protein and a moderate rise in complement factor C3. The proportions of CD4, CD8 or HLA-DR lymphocytes in peripheral blood did not alter with IL-6 treatment nor did the in vitro proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells induced by either phytohaemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen or fixed Staphylococcus aureus. By contrast, NK cell activity, lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell activity and proliferation induced by in vitro culture with interleukin-2 (IL-2) were suppressed at doses exceeding 2.5 μg/kg. Serum IgE levels were consistently elevated over the IL-6 dose range but IgM, IgG and IgA levels were unaffected. In summary there is a dose-dependent induction of acute-phase proteins by in vivo IL-6 treatment. At higher IL-6 doses there is a suppressive effect on NK and LAK activity measured in vitro. IL-6 may thus be useful in combination cytokine therapies that seek to suppress LAK and favour cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. The rise in IgE levels in response to IL-6 was unexpected and suggests a more pivotal role than previously known for the control of IgE production; this could include IgE-related diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01526207
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immune function of patients receiving recombinant human interleukin-6 (IL-6) in a phase I clinical study: Induction of C-reactive protein and IgE and inhibition of natural killer and lymphokine-activated killer cell activity (1994)
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 38 (1994), S. 119-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Interleukin-2 ; Interleukin-6 ; NK activity ; LAK activity ; IgE ; Cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a cytokine that acts on a variety of cell types, including myeloid progenitor cells and B and T lymphocytes. It has been found to activate cytotoxic T cells and natural killer (NK) cells and to induce T-cell-mediated antitumour effects in animal models. In a phase I clinical trial of recombinant human IL-6, 20 patients with advanced cancer were entered to receive daily subcutaneous injections of IL-6 over 7 days followed by a 2-week observation period and another 4 weeks of daily IL-6 injections. Doses varied between 0.5 μg/kg and 20 μg/ kg body weight and immune functions were monitored throughout. At all dose levels IL-6 administration led to a marked increase in serum levels of C-reactive protein and a moderate rise in complement factor C3. The proportions of CD4, CD8 or HLA-DR lymphocytes in peripheral blood did not alter with IL-6 treatment nor did the in vitro proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells induced by either phytohaemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen or fixedStaphylococcus aureus. By contrast, NK cell activity, lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell activity and proliferation induced by in vitro culture with interleukin-2 (IL-2) were suppressed at doses exceeding 2.5 μg/kg. Serum IgE levels were consistently elevated over the IL-6 dose range but IgM, IgG and IgA levels were unaffected. In summary there is a dose-dependent induction of acutephase proteins by in vivo IL-6 treatment. At higher IL-6 doses there is a suppressive effect on NK and LAK activity measured in vitro. IL-6 may thus be useful in combination cytokine therapies that seek to suppress LAK and favour cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. The rise in IgE levels in response to IL-6 was unexpected and suggests a more pivotal role than previously known for the control of IgE production; this could include IgE-related diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01526207
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reviews of current literature (1995)
    Springer
    International urogynecology journal 6 (1995), S. 119-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-3023
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01962586
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Squeezed states parametrized by elements of noncommutative algebras (1996)
    Springer
    Czechoslovak journal of physics 46 (1996), S. 235-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9486
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract By analogy with the conventional (q=1) case, a squeezed vacuum state for theq-bosonic oscillator is constructed. It can be shown that this obeys quantum noise relations similar to those found in the undeformed state. Using the unitary displacement operator for theq-boson algebra, we show that it is possible to construct aq-squeezed state which is parameterised by elements of a noncommutative algebra. These states satisfy the Robertson-Schrödinger Uncertainty Relation and can be generalised toq-analogues of correlated coherent states.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01688816
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endothelin stimulates phosphatidic acid formation in cultured rat mesangial cells: Role of a protein kinase C-regulated phospholipase D (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 150 (1992), S. 578-585 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have previously reported that endothelin-1 stimulates phospholipase C-in-duced hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate, Other signal transduction pathways that hydrolyze alternative phospholipids through phospholipase D may also mediate endothelin-stimulated cellular responses. We initially evaluated endothelin-dependent generation of 32P-phosphatidic acid as an indirect indication of phospholipase D activity in rat mesangial cells. Endothelin (10-7M) induced an elevation of phosphatidic acid that was maximal at 15 min and persisted upward of 60 min. Pretreatment with the diacylglycerol-kinase inhibitor, R59022, did not reduce formation of endothelin-stimulated 32P-phosphatidic acid, demonstrating that the sequential actions of phospholipase C/diacylglycerol kinase do not contribute to endothelin-stimulated phosphatidic acid formation. We next conclusively identified a role for phospholipase D in the generation of phosphatidic acid by assessing the formation of 3H-phosphatidylethanol from 3H-alkyl lyso glycerophosphocholine and exogenous ethanol. Endothelin stimulated 3H-alkyl phosphatidylethanol formation in the presence but not the absence of 0.5% ethanol. Also, endothelin induced a concomitant elevation of 3H-alkyl-phosphatidic acid that was significantly reduced when the cells were exposed to exogenous ethanol, reflecting the formation of phosphatidylethanol. In addition, endothelin stimulated the release of 3H-choline and 3H-ethanolamine, demonstrating that additional phospholipids may serve as substrates for phospholipase D. Phorbol esters and synthetic diglycerides mimicked the effects of endothelin to stimulate phospholipase D and inhibitors of protein kinase C significantly reduced endothelin-stimulated phospholipase D. In addition, endothelin did not stimulate phosphatidylethanol formation in protein kinase C down-regulated cells. The calcium ionophore, ionomycin, did not stimulate phospholipase D and mesangial cells pretreated with BAPTA to chelate cytosolic calcium did not show a diminished endothelin-stimulated phospholipase D. Thus these data demonstrate that mesangial cells possess a protein kinase C-regulated phospholipase D activity that can be stimulated with endothelin.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041500319
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