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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Streptozotocin ; diabetes-susceptibility ; genetic analysis ; inbred mouse strains ; H-2 locus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To assess genetic factors determining sensitivity to streptozotocin-induced diabetes in inbred strains of mice, a genetic analysis of streptozotocin-sensitive C57BL/6J and streptozotocin-resistant C3H/HeJ mice was performed. One week after a single dose of streptozotocin (200 mg/kg body weight), differences in plasma glucose concentration were marked between male mice of the C57BL/6J and C3H/HeJ strains (p〈0.001). To determine the number of genes responsible for the difference, F1 male progeny of a cross between parental strains were produced, and found to be streptozotocin resistant like C3H/HeJ parents. F1 mice were, therefore, backcrossed with streptozotocin-sensitive C57BL/6J mice (Backcross: F1♂ ♂ X C57BL/6J ♀ ♀). The plasma glucoses of backcrossed male mice (n=41) following streptozotocin treatment appeared to segregate into two populations, half like the C57BL/6J parent, and half like the F1 parent. Statistical analysis of the data revealed that the data fit a model with two distributions better than one with a single distribution, suggesting a single major gene responsible for the difference in streptozotocin susceptibility. This hypothesis was also supported by the observation that streptozotocin sensitivity in 12 recombinant inbred strains of C57BL/6J and C3H/HeJ mice appeared to segregate into two classes. Resistance to streptozotocin induced diabetes in F1 mice suggested that the expression of this gene is recessive, although X-chromosome linked inheritance could not be excluded. Efforts to map the streptozotocin-sensitivity gene revealed lack of right linkage to several loci including the H-2 locus. If inherited differences in the ability to resist a B-cell toxin play a role in genetic susceptibility to diabetes in man, then mapping the streptozotocin-susceptibility gene in mice may provide a means to evaluate the role of a putative homologous locus in the aetiology of diabetes in man.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Glutaric acidaemia ; Striatal degeneration ; Spongiosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The neuropathology in three cases of glutaric acidaemia type 1 is presented. All three showed extensive neuronal loss in the caudate nucleus and the putamen, with only small numbers of large neurons surviving. The globus pallidus showed moderate shrinkage and gliosis but no conspicous decreases in neurons. Severe spongiform change was seen in many regions, involving predominantly white matter. These features are very similar to some cases described previously in familial striatal degeneration in childhood, but are different from other cases. If found in a brain at autopsy, they should lead to studies to diagnose glutaric acidaemia type 1 restrospectively, so that accurate genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis in future pregnancies can be offered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome ; Chromosomal translocation ; Neonate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndromes may occur as a primary result of distinct genetic disruption of the enzymes involved in processing the carbohydrate moeities of glycoproteins. They may also occur due to a number of secondary defects in glycosylation. Conclusion A female infant with an unbalanced chromosomal translocation [46,XX,der(21)t(17;21) (p13.1;q22.11)mat.ish der(21)t(17;21) (D17S375 × 3, D21S65-)] and with biochemical and clinical features of a carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein syndrome is reported. This chromosomal disruption is another secondary cause of the disorder.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 31 (1966), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: It has been shown that gas composition and temperature of the atmosphere can affect respiration and the quality of vegetables. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of these factors on the storage quality of spinach and New Zealand spinach. Both showed typical respiratory drift curves. Increasing CO2 around New Zealand spinach reduced respiration rate, and product in 13% CO2 was not acceptable after one week. A gas containing 9.5 % CO2 and 3.3% 0, was compared with air at 34 and 45°F. The leaves tended to increase in oxalate but this increase was not related to ascorbate reduction. Samples in controlled atmosphere had fewer microorganisms than air samples at the same temperature.The ascorbic acid content of the leaves was affected by atmosphere, temperature, and time. Oxygen depletion of the atmosphere resulted in a marked decrease of ascorbic acid. When oxygen content was maintained at 3.3% by intermittent flushing, the leaves retained their ascorbic acid. This phenomenon was intensively investigated with addition of analysis for dehydroascorbic acid. Since the total of dehydroascorbic and ascorbic acids did not vary with atmosphere composition, it was concluded that modified storage atmospheres neither improve nor impair antiscorbutic value.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of medicinal chemistry 27 (1984), S. 1753-1753 
    ISSN: 1520-4804
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of medicinal chemistry 27 (1984), S. 232-235 
    ISSN: 1520-4804
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC) is the most common allergic disease to affect the eye. occurring alone or in association with allergic rhinitis. Infiltration with mast cells and eosinophils is characteristic of the chronic forms of allergic conjunctivitis such as vernal and atopic keratoconjunctivitis. and these cell types also contribute significantly to allergic inflammation in the skin. Indirect evidence for a similar pattern of cellular events in SAC comes from studies which demonstrate raised eosinophil and neutrophil numbers in conjunctival scrapings and elevated levels of mast cell tryptase in tears following allergen challenge.Objective To directly characterize the inflammatory cell infiltrate in SAC and to determine its clinical relevance.Methods We employed specific immunohistochemical staining to count masi cells, eosinophiis and neutrophiis in the conjunctival epithelium and lamina propria of eight atopic patients with SAC in, and 12 SAC patients out of the hay fever season. Sixteen patients with no history of ocular allergy were used as control subjects.Results Mast cells were absent from normal epithelium. During the pollen season median mast cell numbers in the lamina propria were found to be increased by 6I'J(in patients with SAC compared with normals (P= 0.012). Eosinophils were found in the lamina propria in less than half of the symptomatic patients with SAC and in only three patients were eosinophils present in the epithelium. The neutrophil numbers in the lamina propria of patients with SAC tended to be higher than normals but these changes did not reach statistical significance.Conclusion Conclusion These data based on the direct assessment of conjunctival tissue provide evidence that symptoms occur in SAC in the absence of detectable recruitment of eosinophils or neutrophils. This suggests that this disorder is related to mast cell-mediated changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 30 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 25 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Allergic eye disease has a variety of clinical manifestations including seasonal atopic conjunctivitis (SAC), perennial atopic conjunctivitis (PAC), atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC). and atopic blepharoconjunctivitis (ABC). We have investigated the number, distribution and protease expression of mast cells in normal and diseased conjunctiva with the use of immunohistochemistry in water-miscible resin sections. The median mast cell densities in normal subjects were 17mm -2 in the bulbar substantia propria and 9mm-2 in tarsal substantia propria. Mast cells were absent from the normal conjunctival epithelium at both sites. Mast cell densities were increased in the bulbar substantia propria in SAC, AKC and ABC. Tarsal substantia propria showed a significant increase in mast cells in ABC and AKC disease states. Mast cells express a range of proteases which varies according to their anatomic site. Mast cells in connective tissue are described to contain tryptase, chymase. cathepsin-G and carboxypeptidase-A, whereas mucosal mast cells contain only tryptase. In the diseased conjunctiva there was a marked reduction in proteases other than tryptase in the intraepithelial mast cells. There were also significant reductions in protease expression other than tryplase in the bulbar substantia propria in AKC and ABC. There appear to be specific alterations in the distribution of mast cells in the sub-categories of allergic eye disease. The distinction between mucosal and connective tissue mast cell pheno-types is not clear-cut and may depend on the functional state of the mast cells in relation to the microenvironment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 27 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Recently, the potential role of mast cells in allergic reactions has been extended by the discovery that these cells synthesize, store and secrete multifunctional cytokines. Seasonal allergic conjunctivitis is characterized as an immediate hypersensitivity reaction, in which allergen binds to specitic IgE on mast cells, leading to release of preformed and newly synthesized inflammatory mediators.Objective In this study we aimed to localize the cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8 and TNFα to conjunctival mast cells and lo examine the relationship between mast cell-associated ctokines and allergic conjunctivitis.Methods Immunobistochemistry was perfonned on serial sections of conjunctival biopsies from patients with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, in and out of tbe hay fever season, as well as from non-allergic volunteers.Results IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and TNFα were localized to mast cells in normal and allergic conjunctiva. IL-8 was localized to mast cells in two patients with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, one during and the other outside the pollen season. Using the monoclonal antibody 3H4, which identifies the secreted form of IL-4, biopsies frotn patients with active seasonal allergic conjunctivitis contained a significantly bigher proportion of mast cells positive for IL-4. than those from out-of-season patients (P= 〈 0.016). There was no difference between the two groups in the number of mast cells immunostained by the antibody 4D9 which identifies the stored form of IL-4.Conclusions These results suggest that conjunctival mast cells can store a range of multifunctional cytokines and release IL-4 during active disease, which may give them an important role in upregulating allergic inflamtnation in the conjunctiva.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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