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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 2907-2909 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Laser micro-Raman spectroscopic measurements were done on the amorphous conducting carbon films obtained from maleic anhydride by pyrolysis process. We have found a predominant broad peak around 1140 cm−1, in addition to the normally observed peaks in amorphous carbons around 1350 and 1600 cm−1, and peak of medium intensity around 800 cm−1. Here we discuss the possibility of conjugated polymer like bond alternating structure which can give rise to these unusual Raman features. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 92 (2002), S. 1372-1379 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Structural properties of carbon films prepared by the pyrolysis of tetra chloro phthalic anhydride are investigated in an attempt to correlate it with the metal–insulator transition observed earlier as a function of deposition temperature, from electrical transport studies. Anomalous features are observed which evolve as the pyrolysis temperature is varied from 700 to 900 °C. This includes prepeaks in the x-ray diffraction pattern in the region less than 1 Å−1 providing evidence for medium range order, and a broad shoulder around 1200 cm−1 in the Raman spectra, which are seen in addition to the usually observed peaks in amorphous carbon films. A simple model is proposed according to which presence of "polymeric domains" containing chains of carbon atoms with single and double bond alternation (–C(Double Bond)C–), in a predominantly aromatic ring structure, could give rise to the anomalous features. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 750 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 223-224 (July 1996), p. 307-310 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 16 (1974), S. 283-291 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Snails ; Vaterite ; Calcium ; Storage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Large quantities of calcium carbonate crystals were present in the albumin gland of the reproductive system of the fresh-water snailPomacea paludosa. X-ray diffraction analyses indicated that they were vaterite. Scanning electron microscope observation of the albumin gland revealed that they occurred as spherules and were distributed throughout the gland. Vaterite spherules were present in the albumin gland ofPomacea urceus and the capsule gland ofPila virens. The mineral portion of the egg capsules was also vaterite. The egg capsule of these snails consisted of two morphologically distinct layers. Vaterite is less common in nature than the other two polymorphs of calcium carbonate, calcite and aragonite, and has not been recorded in the reproductive system of molluscs. It is interesting to note that in these snails calcium carbonate was present as vaterite both in the storage organ and fully differentiated egg capsule.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 15 (1974), S. 31-44 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Calcification ; Regeneration ; Repair ; Shell ; Mollusc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Une régénération de la coquille induite expérimentalement chez l'excargot terrestreOtala lactea a été utilisée pour l'étude du substratum sur le type de régénération minérale. Des subsrats, comportant le periostracum de quatre espèces de mollusques, des répliques de surfaces et la membrane externe de la coquille de poule, ont été insérés au niveau de la région de reconstitution de la coquilled'Otala. Les divers types de dépôt de carbonate de calcium sont étudiés en microscopie électronique par balayage. Les types minéraux, formés sur les substrats mis en place, se conforment à la microtopographie des surfaces et se trouvent être nettement différents du type minéral observé au cours d'une régénération normale de la coquille. Les types minéraux de la surface minérale externe normale de la coquille de quatre espèces de mollusques semblent identiques aux types individuels de surface du periostracum sur lequel les cristaux de la coquille se déposent. Il semble que ce type de surface minérale externe de la coquille se forme par l'interaction de cristaux de CaCO3 qui se développent dans une matrice organique au contact du periostracum. La coquille normaled'Otala est constituée d'aragonite à orientation hautement préférentielle. La coquille régénérée contient de la calcite et de l'aragonite orientées au hasard. Le rapport aragonite-calcite est très variable et parait indépendant des substrats expérimentaux placés dans la région de régénération.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß der Unterlage auf die Art der Mineral-Neubildung im Gehäuse der Landschnecke,Otala lactea, wurde mit dem Raster-Elektronenmikroskop untersucht, indem in der Regenerationszone Fremdkörper eingeschoben wurden. Diese Fremdkörper waren Periostraca von vier anderen Molluskenarten, Plastikabdrücke von Periostraca oder der äußeren Mineral-Oberfläche normaler Gehäuse und die äußere Membran einer Hühnereierschale. Die Oberflächenstruktur des Kalziumkarbonats, das auf diesen Unterlagen abgelagert wurde, entsprach der Mikrotopographie der Unterlags-Oberfläche und war deutlich verschieden von der Mineraloberflächenstruktur bei normaler Regenerierung des Gehäuses. Die Strukturen der normalen Mineraloberflächen der vier Molluskenarten entsprachen der Struktur der Periostracum-Oberfläche, auf welcher die Kalziumkarbonat-Kristalle abgelagert werden. Die Mineraloberflächenstruktur des Gehäuses ergibt sich vermutlich durch die Wechselwirkung zwischen den Kalziumkarbonat-Kristallen, welche in einer organischen Matrix wachsen und der Berührung mit dem Periostracum. Das normale Mineral von Otala-Gehäusen besteht aus Aragonit in ganz bestimmter Anordnung. Regeneriertes Gehäuse enthielt Kalzit in zufälliger Anordnung und Aragonit, meist auch in zufälliger Anordnung. Das Verhältnis Aragonit/Kalzit variierte stark und schien unabhängig von der experimentellen Unterlage zu sein.
    Notes: Abstract Experimentally induced shell repair in the land snailOtala lactea has been employed to study the influence of the substratum on microtopography of the surface of mineral deposited by molluscs. Substrata, including the periostraca of four species of molluscs, surface replicas, and the outer membrane of the eggshell of the hen, have been inserted in the area of shell repair inOtala, and the topographical patterns of deposition of calcium carbonate have been observed by scanning electron microscopy. The mineral patterns formed on all inserted substrata conformed to the microtopography of the surfaces and were distinctly different from that of normal shell regeneration. The topography of the normal outer mineral surface of the shell of four species of molluscs were observed to conform to the topography of the periostraca on which the crystalline shell is deposited. It is inferred that the topography of the outer mineral surface of the shell probably results from the interaction of crystals of aragonite and calcite growing in an organic matrix and in contact with the periostracum. Normal shell ofOtala consists of fine-grained aragonite in highly preferred orientation. Regenerated shell contains calcite grains in random orientation and aragonite, usually in random orientation. The aragonite-to-calcite ratio varies widely and appears to be independent of experimental substrata placed in the area of repair.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 55 (Aug. 1997), p. 89-94 
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 27 (1974), S. 27-35 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The shell of Nautilus macromphalus, like that of N. pompilius, consists of an outer spherulitic-prismatic layer, a middle nacreous layer, and an inner semiprismatic layer. No periostracum was observed. When an area of shell 2 cmx2 cm over the living chamber was removed experimentally, it was replaced by shell of normal structure. Regeneration required 45 days. Observations of regenerated shell made with a scanning electron microscope showed that the spherulitic portion of the spherulitic-prismatic layer was formed from crystal grains that developed into spherulites. The nacreous layer was formed by the deposition of stacks of hexagonal crystals which, through lateral growth, made contact with crystals in adjoining stacks and formed continuous layers 1 crystal in thickness. The deposition of all the shell layers during regeneration was probably accomplished by a single mantle region rather than by different mantle regions as in normal shell growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 94 (1974), S. 287-296 
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Hippuric acid in low concentration has been identified tentatively in the normal urine ofOctopus dofleini martini. 2. Intravenous administration of sodium benzoate led to urinary excretion of sodium hippurate which reached a peak in about 8 hours but accounted for only a small percentage of the injected material. 3. Glycine was a limiting factor in the formation of hippuric acid, and when glycine was infused the recovery of administered benzoate was increased to as much as 15 per cent. Conjugation with other compounds was not studied. 4. In vitro experiments showed that the conjugation of benzoic acid with glycine was accomplished in hepato-pancreas, renal appendages and branchial heart, but not by other tissues. The conjugation in each case was substantially increased by the addition of glycine. 5. Few functions have been suggested for the glandular tissue of the branchial heart, which now has been demonstrated to participate in detoxication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biotechnology letters 17 (1995), S. 917-920 
    ISSN: 1573-6776
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary A strain of Azotobacter vinelandii MTCC 2460 has been isolated from the rhizosphere of the rhizomes of lotus, which produces a novel exopolysaccharide (EPS) having a sugar composition of glucose : galactose : fucose: glucoronic acid (2.2 : 2.7 : 5.6 : 1.6). This composition has not been reported for any species belonging to this genus. The EPS gives high viscosity comparable to xanthan under specific conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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