Library

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Patient-controlled epidural analgesia with sufentanil following Caesarean section: the effect of adrenaline and clonidine admixture (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 49 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Sixty patients, scheduled for Caesarean section were randomly allocated to receive by the epidural route in a double-blind fashion one of the following patient-controlled analgesia mixtures for the relief of postoperative pain: sufentanil 2 μg.ml-1 in 0.9% sodium chloride, sufentanil 2 μg.ml-1+ adrenaline 2.5 μg.ml-1, or sufentanil 2 μg.ml-1+ clonidine 3 μg.ml-1. Patient-controlled analgesia settings were a basal infusion rate of 2.5 ml.h-1, an incremental dose of 2.5 ml, a lockout interval of 10 min and a 1-h limit of 10 ml. Whereas patient demographics and pain scores between the groups were not different, the 24-h consumption of sufentanil was significantly lower in the groups receiving a combination (167.5 SD 45 and 139.1 SD 31.9 μg for the adrenaline and clonidine groups respectively) as compared to the plain sufentanil regimen (208.2 SD 38.9 μg). Although sufentanil requirements were the lowest in the clonidine admixture group, there were no differences with regard to sedation as compared to the plain sufentanil group. The quality of sleep appeared to be significantly better in the sufentanil/adrenaline group despite a significantly lower degree of sedation and higher incidence of pruritus. Treatment of pruritus with naloxone did not seem to influence the quality of analgesia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1994.tb04447.x
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Risperidone (R 64 766), a potent and complete LSD antagonist in drug discrimination by rats (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 97 (1989), S. 206-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: LSD-cue ; Drug discrimination ; Risperidone ; Schizophrenia ; 5-HT2-catecholamine antagonism ; LSD antagonism ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Risperidone was studied in a 0.16 mg/kg LSD-saline drug discrimination test procedure. At doses varying from 0.0025 to 0.63 mg/kg, no LSD-like agonist effects were observed. Studies on the antagonism of the LSD-cue indicated that risperidone was able to completely block the discriminative stimulus properties of LSD with a minimum ED50-value of 0.028 mg/kg. Risperidone was also very active over time with reference to LSD antagonism, the ED50s after 2, 4 and 8 h pretreatment being 0.028, 0.064 and 0.44 mg/kg. Response rate reductions were only observed at doses ≧0.16 mg/kg after 1 h and at 0.63 mg/kg after 2 h pretreatment. Four and 8 h after treatment, no rate-reducing effects were apparent at doses up to 2.50 mg/kg. Thus at pretreatment intervals ranging between 2 and 8 h, complete antagonism of LSD without any rate effects was obtained. As compared to other LSD antagonists, risperidone was quantitatively better than setoperone and ritanserin and longer acting than pirenperone. Based on the pharmacological profile of risperidone and the other LSD antagonists, it was concluded that a potent central 5-HT2 and catecholamine antagonism is needed for a potent and complete antagonism of the 0.16 mg/kg LSD-cue. The potential clinical effect of risperidone in the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442251
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavioural activity of rats measured by a new method based on the piezo-electric principle (1987)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 93 (1987), S. 382-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Motor activity ; Locomotion ; Behaviour ; Methods ; Haloperidol ; Apomorphine ; Amphetamine ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Spontaneous and drug-induced (haloperidol, apomorphine, and amphetamine) motor activity of rats was measured simultaneously via two distinct and independent methods: the classical optical scanning technique and a new procedure based on the piezo-electric principle. The latter procedure measured animal-induced mechanical vibrations of a flexible cage floor which were transduced into electric signals via piezo-electricity. The piezo method appeared to be relatively more sensitive in recording the small, stereotyped motor movements induced by apomorpine (0.63–≧10 mg/kg) and high doses of amphetamine (2.5–≧20 mg/kg). The optical scanning technique, on the other hand, was more sensitive in recording horizontal displacements across the cage such as induced by low doses of amphetamine (0.31–2.5 mg/kg). Both methods showed comparable sensitivity in recording the depression of behaviour induced by haloperidol (0.04–≧1.25 mg/kg) or low doses of apomorphine (0.04–0.16 mg/kg). The piezo method may complement the optical scanning procedure, and thereby enhance the information on the extent that test compounds modify animal behaviour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00187261
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Survey on the pharmacodynamics of the new antipsychotic risperidone (1994)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 114 (1994), S. 9-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Risperidone ; Antipsychotics ; 5-HT2 antagonism ; D2 antagonism ; Pharmacology ; Receptor binding ; Biochemistry ; Review
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This review reports on the pharmacodynamics of the new antipsychotic risperidone. The primary action of risperidone is serotonin 5-HT2 receptor blockade as shown by displacement of radioligand binding (Ki: 0.16 nM), activity on isolated tissues (EC50:0.5 nM), and antagonism of peripherally (ED50: 0.0011 mg/kg) and centrally (ED50:0.014 mg/kg) acting 5-HT2 receptor agonists in rats. Risperidone is at least as potent as the specific 5-HT2 receptor antagonist ritanserin in these tests. Risperidone is also a potent dopamine D2 receptor antagonist as indicated by displacement of radioligand binding (Ki: 1.4 nM), activity in isolated striatal slices (IC50: 0.89 nM), and antagonism of peripherally (ED50: 0.0057 mg/kg in dogs) and centrally acting D2 receptor agonists (ED50: 0.056–0.15 mg/kg in rats). Risperidone shows all effects common to D2 antagonists, including enhancement of prolactin release. However, some central effects such as catalepsy and blockade of motor activity occur at high doses only. Risperidone is 4–10 times less potent than haloperidol as a central D2 antagonist in rats and it differs from haloperidol by the following characteristics: predominant 5-HT2 antagonism; LSD antagonism; effects on sleep; smooth dose-response curves for D2 antagonism; synergism of combined 5-HT2/D2 antagonism; pronounced effects on amphetamine-induced oxygen consumption; increased social interaction; and pronounced effects on dopamine (DA) turnover. Risperidone displays similar activity at pre- and postsynaptic D2 receptors and at D2 receptors from various rat brain regions. The binding affinity for D4 and D3 receptors is 5 and 9 times weaker, respectively, than for D2 receptors; interaction with D1 receptors occurs only at very high concentrations. The pharmacological profile of risperidone includes interaction with histamine H1 and α-adrenergic receptors but the compound is devoid of significant interaction with cholinergic and a variety of other types of receptors. Risperidone has excellent oral activity, a rapid onset, and a 24-h duration of action. Its major metabolite, 9-hydroxyrisperidone, closely mimics risperidone in pharmacodynamics. Risperidone can be characterized as a potent D2 antagonist with predominant 5HT2 antagonistic activity and optimal pharmacokinetic properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245439
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavioral and 5-HT antagonist effects of ritanserin: A pure and selective antagonist of LSD discrimination in rat (1985)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 86 (1985), S. 45-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: 5-HT antagonist ; LSD antagonist ; Drug discrimination ; Anxiety ; 5-HTP ; Head twitch ; Conflict behavior ; Hypothermia ; Ritanserin ; Pirenperone ; Chlordiazepoxide ; Diazepam ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The newly synthesized compound and putative 5-HT2 antagonist ritanserin, but not the structurally related compound R 56413, resembles pirenperone in that it acts as a pure antagonist in an LSD-saline drug discrimination assay in the rat. Ritanserin exceeded pirenperone in terms of behavioral specificity; the lowest effective dose of ritanserin in antagonizing LSD was one order of magnitude higher than that of pirenperone, but the compound depressed rate of operant responding only at doses that were about 1000-fold higher than those at which pirenperone was effective. Ritanserin exerted effects in an open field test which were reminiscent of anxiolytic drug activity in the rat; its effects were greater than those of pirenperone, R 56413 and the benzodiazepines chlordiazepoxide and diazepam. The results of experiments on antagonism of 5-HT-induced hypothermia and of the 5-HTP-induced headtwitch response fail to support the possibility that the putative anxiolytic effects of ritanserin in the rat can be ascribed simply to a pharmacologically defined action at 5-HT receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431683
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacotherapy of opioids: present and future developments (1996)
    Springer
    Pharmacy world & science 18 (1996), S. 1-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Keywords: Administration, transdermal ; Adverse effects ; Analgesia, epidural ; Analgesics, opioid ; Drug development ; Pharmacology ; Receptors, opioid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The clinically available opiolds have different physicochemical properties, resulting in differences in clinical profile with regard to potency, onset, and duration of activity. However, they all have comparable side-effects after acute systemic application. Several approaches can be used to overcome these side-effects. The following approaches, with special emphasis on the perioperative use of the opioids, are discussed: (1) the use of alternative routes of administration, such as via the spine (epidurally and intrathecally); (2) optimization of opioid delivery by means of slow-release preparations, chronic infusions with indwelling catheters, and transdermal delivery systems; (3) use of additional agents to potentiate the analgesic properties of the oploids so that the dose of oploid can be reduced; and (4) searching for new analgesics on the basis of knowledge of the pain-transmission system and the different opioid receptors with their functional interactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00449683
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...