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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 100 (1994), S. 109-114 
    ISSN: 0303-7207
    Keywords: Milk protein ; Prolactin ; Transcription factor ; mammary epithelial cell ; β-Casein gene promoter
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Oral tolbutamide test ; intravenous tolbutamide test
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La durée de l'oTT a été prolongée à 140 min pour permettre l'observation de la remontée (rebound) qui suit la chute de la glycémie et la comparaison avec PivTT. Les effets indésirés de l'hypoglycémie, observés après l'ingestion de 2 g de tolbutamide, ont été évités en réduisant la dose à 1 g chez 18 patients et à 1.5 g chez 31 autres. Le tolbutamide a été administré en même temps qu'une dose double de bicarbonate de sodium. La concordance entre l'ivTT et l'oTT était bonne dans 35%, moyenne dans 38% et mauvaise dans 27% des cas, On suggère que ces résultats insatisfaisants sont dus à des vitesses différentes d'absorption du tolbutamide. L'utilisation de l'oTT prolongé n'est pas recommandé en tant que procédé pour diagnostiquer le diabète.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Der oTT wird auf 140 min verlängert, um gleich wie beim ivTT den Wiederanstieg des Blutzuckers beurteilen zu können. Um die mit 2g Tolbutamid beobachteten Hypoglykämien auszuschließen, wurde die Dosis bei 18 Patienten auf 1 g und bei 31 Patienten auf 1.5 g gesenkt und zusammen mit der doppelten Dosis Natrium-Bicarbonat oral verarbeitet. Gute Übereinstimmung zwischen oTT und ivTT wurde in 35%, mäßige in 38% und schlechte Übereinstimmung in 27% der Fälle gefunden. Es wird vermutet, daß die ungenügende Übereinstimmung der beiden Teste auf unterschiedlichen Absorptionsraten von Tolbutamid beruht. Der verlängerte oTT wird für die Zusatzdiagnostik des Diabetes mellitus nicht empfohlen.
    Notes: Summary The duration of the oral tolbutamide Test (oTT) was extended to 140 min to allow the observation of the rebound following the blood sugar fall and the comparison with the ivTT. The undesired effects of the hypoglycaemia observed after the ingestion of 2g tolbutamide were prevented by reducing the dose of the drug to 1 g in 18 patients and to 1.5 g in 31 others. Tolbutamide was given together with the double amount of sodium bicarbonate. The agreement of ivTT and oTT was good in 35%, fair in 38% and poor in 27% of the cases. It is suggested that these unsatisfactory results are due to different tolbutamide absorption rates. The use of the prolonged oTT is not recommended as a tool for the diagnosis of diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Intravenous tolbutamide test ; oral tolbutamide test ; glucose ; serum-insulin ; serum tolbutamide ; tolbutamide action
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Chez 12 sujets normaux l'oTT et l'ivTT ont été étudiés en déterminant simultanément la glycémie, l'insuline sérique (IRI) et le tolbutamide du sérum. D'après les résultats il est possible de déduire deux mécanismes d'action différents du tolbutamide administré oralement. Ils dépendent de la vitesse d'absorption de la drogue. Quand le tolbutamide est absorbé rapidement, il se produit une sécretion d'insuline quiest responsable de la chute de la glycémie. Quand l'absorption du tolbutamide est lente, la sécrétion d'insuline est faible, mais le taux de la glycémie diminue quand même. Les trois hypothèses suivantes sont proposées: soit l'insuline qui apparaît dans la veine pancréatique ne peut pas être mesurée á la périphérie et agit surtout dans le foie, soit la faible concentration de tolbutamide dans le sérum ne provoque qu'une légère sécrétion d'insuline, mais une inhibition importante de la sécrétion de glucagon, qui est responsable de l'hypoglycémie observée. L'action extra-pancréatique des sulfonylurées, en particulier sur le tissu musculaire, peut également jouer un rôle important dans l'explication de ces résultats.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Bei 12 normalen Probanden wurde mittels der Bestimmung von Glucose, Serum-Insulin und Serum-Tolbutamid der orale und der intravenöse Tolbutamidtest vergleichend untersucht. Aus den Resultaten ergeben sich zwei verschiedene Wirkungsmechanismen, die von der Tolbutamid-Resorptionsrate abhängig sind. Wird Tolbutamid rasch resorbiert, so erfolgt eine Insulinsekretion, die für den Blutzuckerabfall verantwortlich ist. Geht die Tolbutamidresorption langsam vor sich, so ist die Insulinsekretion gering, aber der Blutzucker fällt trotzdem ab. Zur Erklärung werden drei Hypothesen diskutiert: Entweder ist das Insulin, das in die Pankreasvene sezerniert wird, peripher nicht meßbar und entfaltet seine Wirkung allein an der Leber, oder die niedere Serum-Tolbutamidkonzentration verursacht nur eine unwesentliche Insulinsekretion, dafür eine Hemmung der Glucagonsekretion, die ihrerseits für die Hypoglykämie verantwortlich ist. Auch extrapancreatische Wirkungen der Sulfonylharnstoffe, besonders die auf das Muskelgewebe, werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary In 12 normal subjects the oTT and ivTT were studied by simultaneous determination of blood glucose, serum insulin (IRI) and serum tolbutamide. From the results it is possible, to deduce two different mechanisms for the action of the orally administred tolbutamide. They are dependent of the absorption rate of the drug. When tolbutamide is absorbed quickly, insulin secretion follows. It is responsible for the fall of blood sugar. When the tolbutamide absorption is slow, insulin secretion is small, but the blood sugar level is still falling. The three following hypotheses are proposed: either the insulin which appears in the pancreatic vein cannot be measured at the periphery and acts mostly in the liver, or the low concentration of tolbutamide in the serum causes only a slight secretion of insulin, but an important inhibition of the secretion of glucagon which is responsible for the observed hypoglycaemia. Extrapancreatic action of sulphonylurea compounds, particularly on muscle tissue, may too play an important role to explain the results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD), an X-linked inherited metabolic disorder, is the most frequent inborn peroxisomal disease. It leads to demyelination in the central and peripheral nervous system. Defective β-oxidation of saturated very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs; C22:0–C26:0) in peroxisomes has been shown to lead to an accumulation of VLCFAs in leukoid areas of the central nervous system, peripheral nerves, adrenal gland, and blood. The ALD gene has been recently identified and encodes a 745-amino-acid protein. We screened patients with adrenoleukodystrophy/adrenomyeloneuropathy (ALD/ AMN) from 20 kindreds for mutations in the ALD gene. Eleven missense and two nonsense mutations, five deletions, and one insertion were detected by direct sequencing of eight reverse transcribed fragments of the ALD-gene mRNA. Four mutations could be shown to be de novo. All mutations could be confirmed in carriers by sequencing genomic DNA. No correlation between the type of mutation and the severity of the phenotype could be observed. The mutations were not detected in the ALD gene of 30 healthy persons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD), an X-linked inherited metabolic disorder, is the most frequent inborn peroxisomal disease. It leads to demyelination in the central and peripheral nervous system. Defective β-oxidation of saturated very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs; C22:0–C26:0) in peroxisomes has been shown to lead to an accumulation of VLCFAs in leukoid areas of the central nervous system, peripheral nerves, adrenal gland, and blood. The ALD gene has been recently identified and encodes a 745-amino-acid protein. We screened patients with adrenoleukodystrophy/adrenomyeloneuropathy (ALD/AMN) from 20 kindreds for mutations in the ALD gene. Eleven missense and two nonsense mutations, five deletions, and one insertion were detected by direct sequencing of eight reverse transcribed fragments of the ALD-gene mRNA. Four mutations could be shown to be de novo. All mutations could be confirmed in carriers by sequencing genomic DNA. No correlation between the type of mutation and the severity of the phenotype could be observed. The mutations were not detected in the ALD gene of 30 healthy persons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biomedical engineering 15 (1981), S. 200-203 
    ISSN: 1573-8256
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biomedical engineering 18 (1984), S. 206-209 
    ISSN: 1573-8256
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 79 (1975), S. 144-146 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: α-adrenoblockers ; cerebral blood flow ; responses of cerebral arteries ; tropaphen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Investigations by radioisotope, electromagnetic, and resistographic methods showed that tropaphen increases the cerebral blood flow and lowers the tone of the intracranial vessels. It inhibits reflex responses of intracranial vessels and responses of the intracranial blood flow to stimulation of the cervical sympathetic nerves and it prevents the development of experimental disturbances of the cerebral circulation of neurogenic nature. These effects of tropaphen are due to its α-adrenoblocking properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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