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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cultivation of Aspergillus niger in a pilot plant external-loop air-lift bioreactor (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology reviews 14 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6976
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract: Changes of the main hydrodynamic and oxygen transfer parameters during Aspergillus niger cultivation in an external-loop air-lift bioreactor of 200 dm3 operating capacity were investigated. The final average concentrations of biomass and citric acid obtained in batch fermentations were about 17 g 1-1 and 90 g 1-1, respectively. Significant influence of the increasing biomass concentration on the rheological properties of the broth and operating parameters was found. Volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient. kLa, was found to be dependent on the apparent viscosity of the broth with an exponent of -0.984.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.1994.tb00077.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous ethanol production by flocculating yeast in the fluidized bed bioreactor (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology reviews 14 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6976
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract: Continuous fermentation by a highly flocculant strain of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was carried out in a tower fluidized-bed bioreactor. The synthetic and molasses media with a total sugar concentration of 17% (w/v) were used for fermentation. Different dilution rates were tested. Stable cell densities of 50 kg m-3(dry weight) were maintained for all dilution rates. The ethanol productivity was increasing linearly with dilution rates up to 15—20 kg m-3 h-1. Aeration of the culture stabilized flocculating activity and viability of yeast and also permitted long-term operation of the bioreactor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.1994.tb00075.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Killing vector fields and the Einstein-Maxwell field equations in general relativity (1975)
    Springer
    General relativity and gravitation 6 (1975), S. 289-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9532
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A number of theorems concerning non-null electrovac spacetimes, that is space-times whose metric satisfies the source-free Einstein-Maxwell equations for some non-null bivector Fij, are presented. Firstly, we suppose that the metric is invariant under a one-parameter group of isornetries with Killing vector field ξ. It is proved that the electromagnetic field tensor Fij is invariant under the group, in the sense that its Lie derivative with respect to ξ vanishes, if and only if the gradient αij of the complexion scalar is orthogonal to ξ. It is is also proved that if in addition ξ is hypersurface orthogonal, it is necessarily parallel to α,i. These results are used to generalize theorems of Perjes and Majumdar concerning static electrovac space-times. Secondly, we suppose that the metric is invariant under a two-parameter othogonally transitive Abelian group of isometries. It is proved that in this case Fij is necessarily invariant under the group. The above results can be used to simplify many derivations of exact solutions of the Einstein-Maxwell equations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00751574
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A kLa identification technique for a dynamic model of the coupled system: Air-lift fermenter  -  oxygen probes (1988)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 8 (1988), S. 125-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The time delay of oxygen probe response to the signal from a fermenter makes identification of the volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient kLa by the dynamic method more complicated. A coupled model involving the transient-state oxygen balance of the fermenter together with the dynamic model of the oxygen probe must be then formulated, solved and identified.In this paper two simple models of air-lift loop fermenters have been proposed and a coupled mathematical model of the fermenter - oxygen probe system has been developed. The identification procedure was used to estimate kLa values in the fermenter with internal circulation flow on the basis of experimental measurements. A comparison of evaluated and experimental indications of the probes placed at various heights of the column proves that the model presented gives a possibility of the first-step approximation of kLa in loop fermenters.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370080204
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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