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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 412-416 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: A new way to improve corrosion protection layers on steel exposed to hot waterThe corrosion of steels in hot water is self-stifled by the formation of oxide films. In cooling circuits of pressurized water reactors the residual corrosion is still high enough to produce radioactive corrosion products to such a degree as to complicate operations. A further lowering of the corrosion rate demands a more effective inhibition of the transport of corrosion reactants through the film. A closer investigation of the transport paths discussed so far showed that diffusion through water-filled pores dominates. It is postulated that the whole oxide layer forms by means of a combined mechanism of solution and deposition whereby pores are defined as interstices between the growing crystals. On the whole, an increase in the corrosion-protective value of the film is linked with a decrease in its porosity. This is attainable if, in the initial phase of the film growth, the corrosive environment contains titanium or zirconium compounds originating hydrous oxides fit for deposition upon the materials surface in subcolloidal dispersion. The resulting hindrance of the growth of oxide crystals leads to the formation of thin, apparently amorphous films having improved corrosion-protective properties.
    Notes: Die Heißwasserkorrosion von Stählen unterliegt der Selbsthemmung durch die Entstehung oxidischer Deckschichten. In Kühlkreisläufen von Druckwasserreaktoren ist die Restkorrosionsrate aber noch hoch genug, um radioaktive Korrosionsprodukte in einem betriebsstörenden Maße entstehen zu lassen. Die weitergehende Senkung der Korrosionsrate verlangt eine noch stärkere Hemmung des Transports von Reaktanten des Korrosionsprozesses durch die Deckschicht. Bei der näheren Untersuchung der bisher diskutierten Transportwege wurde die Dominanz der Diffusion durch wassergefüllte Poren erkannt. Es wird postuliert, daß die gesamte Oxidschicht nach einem Lösungs-Fällungs-Mechanismus entsteht, wobei als Poren die Lücken zwischen den sich bildenden Kristalliten definiert werden. Die Erhöhung des Korrosionsschutzwertes der Deckschicht ist nach alledem an die Verminderung ihrer Porosität gebunden. Dieses Ziel wird erreicht, wenn das Korrosionsmedium in der Anfangsphase der Schichtbildung Verbindungen von Titanium oder Zirkonium enthält, aus denen sich Oxidhydrate bilden und in subkolloidaler Verteilung auf der Werkstoffoberfläche abscheiden. Die damit bewirkte Behinderung des Wachstums der Oxidkristalle führt zur Bildung dünner amorph erscheinender Schichten mit verbesserten Schutzeigenschaften.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 38 (1994), S. 357-363 
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Placentation ; Cathepsin G ; Elastase ; Antileukoproteinase ; Uterus ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Uterine expression of the mRNA encoding antileukoproteinase (ALP) is highest in pig uterus during mid- to late pregnancy, suggesting a stage of pregnancy-dependent role for this elastase/cathepsin G protease inhibitor in feto-maternal interactions. To examine a potential relationship between uterine synthesis of ALP and the type of placentation in mammalian species, the expression of ALP mRNA and/or protein in pregnant mares, cows, rats, and mice was evaluated. Genomic DNA and mRNA hybridization analyses were performed using a porcine ALP cDNA as probe. The concentration of ALP protein in reproductive tissues was determined by RIA using a polyclonal antibody raised against a synthetic peoptide (ALP 16P) corresponding to amino acid residues 21-36 of the porcine ALP protein. A single ALP mRNA transcript of approximately 0.8 kb in length was detected in equine and bovine uterine tissues. The relative abundance of ALP mRNA in equine endometrium increased between days 125-170 (mid-pregnancy), and then decreased by day 215 of pregnancy. Similarly, the steady state levels of ALP mRNA in bovine endometrium and myometrium were higher during mid- to late than during early pregnancy. The levels of ALP mRNA in bovine fetal cotyledon were low and did not change significantly with stage of pregnancy. No hybridization was detected to pregnant rat endometrial tissues, although high stringency Southern blot analysis of porcine, bovine, and rat genomic DNAs using porcine ALP cDNA as probe predicted a high degree of nucleotide sequence homology in their respective ALP genes. In pregnant cows, concentrations of ALP protein were higher in maternal endometrium and myometrium than in fetal cotyledon. Tissue ALP content in bovine uterus increased between days 17-89, and then decreased by day 248 of pregnancy. In contrast, no ALP protein was detected in cytosolic extracts prepared from endometrium of pregnant rats and mice. THe demonstrated synthesis of ALP mRNA and/or protein in the endometrium of the mare and the cow similar to that of the pig, but not in the endometrium of the rat and mouse, during pregnancy indicates a potential correlation between endometrial ALP expression and epitheliochorial type of placentation in mammalian species. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 40 (1995), S. 146-156 
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Cysteine protease ; Pregnancy ; Rodent ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Cathepsin L is a major lysosomal cysteine protease produced by mouse placenta and fibroblasts. This study characterizes a novel cathepsin L-related mRNA expressed in rat placenta. Immunological and nucleotide screening of a rat placental library identified six positive clones, the largest, pCLRP-9, being 924 base pairs in length. The combined sequences of all the clones contain an open reading frame of 711 nucleotides, a termination codon, a polyadenylation site, and 197 nucleotides of 3′ untranslated region, but lack the 5′ translation initiation codon. The pCLRP nucleotide sequence showed 60-64% identity to those of mouse, rat, and human cathepsin L. The deduced amino acid sequence of pCLRP codes for 237 amino acids, which align with the carboxy-terminal sequence of cathepsin L and has the active site residues characteristic of the cysteine protease family. Northern blot analysis showed hybridization of pCLRP with a major mRNA transcript of 1.3 kilobases expressed in placenta, but not kidney or liver. In contrast, a cDNA for mouse pro-cathepsin L hybridized with a transcript of 1.7 kilobases expressed in rat kidney, as well as placenta. During late gestation, steady-state levels of rat placental pCLRP mRNA were highest on day 18, whereas those of mouse procathepsin L were greatest on day 20 of gestation. Antiserum to mouse cathepsin L cross-reacted with four proteins of molecular weights 36,000 to 42,000 in rat placental culture medium, of which two were absent in the kidney. These data indicate that rat placenta expresses several species of cathepsin L-type proteins, which may be involved in placental function and nutrient supply. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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