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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis as an epidemiologic tool during an outbreak ofPseudomonas aeruginosa lung infections in an intensive care unit (1995)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 21 (1995), S. 996-1002 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Lung infection outbreak ; Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis ; Intensive care unit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective A retrospective study was performed to evaluate the use of DNA polymorphism analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) in assessing the rate of exogenous contamination during an outbreak ofPseudomonas aeruginosa lung infections in an intensive care unit ICU. Another goal was to determine the risk factors, involved in the outbreak. Design Rectal swabs and tracheal secretions were cultured from all patients upon admission and there-after once a week throughout their stay in the ICU. Resistance patterns were determined in allP. aeruginosa isolates. We determined the serotypes, pyocin types, plasmid profiles and total DNA macrorestriction patterns for isolates. The restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) ofDra I total DNA digest was studied by PFGE. A retrospective case-control study was performed to determine the risk factors forP. aeruginosa bronchopulmonary colonization. Setting The study was carried out in the medical ICU of Besançon University Hospital (France). Results The typability, stability and reproducibility of phenotypic markers were not completely satisfactory. Only the RFLP profile satisfied all the criteria for a good typing technique. In four of the 17 patients,P. aeruginosa strains with the same DNA pattern were found. Among the previously reported risk factors for hospital-acquired bronchopulmonary infections, only invasive procedures were determined by multivariate analysis to be significant in our study group. The oropharynx and the bronchial tract are the most likely endogenous sources. Conclusion PFGE-RFLP is a valuable tool for the epidemiologic study ofP. aeruginosa. This typing method revealed that exogenous contamination is not always the major source ofP. aeruginosa lung infections in mechanically ventilated patients in ICUs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01700661
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three cases of bacteremia with group Ve-2 bacteria in France (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 6 (1987), S. 499-500 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02013125
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevalence and profiles of plasmids inPseudomonas aeruginosa (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 7 (1988), S. 261-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The value of plasmid profile determination as an epidemiological tool inPseudomonas aeruginosa infections was investigated by determining the prevalence of plasmids in 450Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains and comparing the technique with other epidemiological tools. Since only 13.9% of these strains harbored plasmids and the majority of these plasmids were antibiotic resistant, the technique appeared to be less appropriate as an epidemiological tool in this organism than other techniques. Comparison of results obtained from plasmid profile determinations with those from antibiotyping, serotyping and pyocin typing in 50 non-epidemic strains showed the technique gave highly reproducible results and was sensitive; its ability to discriminate could be improved by additionally performing conjugation assays and hydrolysis of plasmidic DNA with restriction enzymes. It is concluded that plasmid profiles provide important epidemiological information onPseudomonas aeruginosa infections when performed in conjunction with either serotyping or, more importantly, pyocin typing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01963098
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epidemiology of pulmonary colonization withBurkholderia cepacia in cystic fibrosis Patients (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 15 (1996), S. 841-842 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01701534
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Risk factors for nosocomial colonization with multiresistantAcinetobacter baumannii (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 14 (1995), S. 569-576 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A six-month prospective survey was carried out in a university hospital to assess the incidence ofAcinetobacter baumannii cross-contamination and to identify risk factors for colonization. Clinical isolates obtained during the study period were biotyped and genotyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis after Apal macrorestriction of total DNA. Casecontrol univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors forAcinetobacter baumannii colonization. One hundred forty-seven patients hospitalized in 36 units were colonized or infected, of whom 52 were in three intensive care units. The urinary (29 %) and bronchopulmonary tracts (26 %) were the most frequently colonized sites. Nine major restriction patterns were identified: two were exhibited by epidemic multiresistant strains of biotype 9 which were isolated from 65 patients hospitalized in ten units. Multivariate analysis showed that case-patients were (a) more likely than noninfected controls to be male, to have been previously hospitalized in another unit and to have had longer stays in the unit before colonization and hyperalimentation; and (b) more likely than controls colonized with other gram-negative bacilli to be male, to have had longer hospitalization, to have received treatment with third-generation cephalosporins and to have had a urinary catheter. The high incidence of colonization withAcinetobacter baumannii can thus be attributed to frequent cross-contamination and the use of broadspectrum antibiotics. Colonized patients appear to be the major source of cross-contamination as epidemic strains spread throughout the hospital.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01690727
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for investigation of an outbreak ofClostridium difficile infection among geriatric patients (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 14 (1995), S. 987-993 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A six-month outbreak ofClostridium difficile infection among elderly residents of a middle-term-care facility was investigated. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to genotype 22 outbreak strains and 30 epidemiologically unrelated strains. A prospective case-control study was conducted to identify risk factors for epidemicClostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. All epidemiologically unrelatedClostridium difficile strains of the same serogroup could be differentiated by their DNA patterns with two restriction enzymes (Smal andKspl). Among clustered strains, two epidemic serogroups (C and K) were identified. Two different DNA patterns were identified among serogroup C strains and three among serogroup K strains. Multivariate analysis showed that the risk ofClostridium difficile infection increased with antimicrobial chemotherapy (β-lactam agents and pristinamycin) and the presence of a feeding tube. This study confirms the high discriminative power of restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to describeClostridium difficile epidemiology. The typing results confirm that infection was principally exogenous in this outbreak. Furthermore, they indicate the need to improve all measures limiting transmission of infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01691381
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