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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Delayed Cortisol Response to Antigenic Challenge in Patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 650 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb49122.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sublingual versus injective immunotherapy in grass pollen allergic patients: a double blind (double dummy) study (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 26 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Injective immunotherapy is a well-known and recognized treatment for allergic diseases, but its safety has been questioned during recent years. Alternative administration routes have been proposed and there is a growing interest and experience in sublingual therapy. The safety of alternative routes is nonetheless a real advantage, so long as it is not counterbalanced by a loss of clinical benefit.Objective We have compared the efficacy of the same biologically standardized grass pollen extract administered through the injective or the sublingual route, in a group of 20 patients followed for two pollen seasons.Methods Both therapies were administered for 12 months according to a double-blind (double-dummy) plan; at the end of the trial the cumulative dosage of the sublingual therapy was 2.4 times higher than that of the injective therapy. Data about skin reactivity, symptoms and drugs scores during the pollen season, as well as total specific IgG and specific IgG4, during and after the trial, were obtained.Results Our data show that sublingual and injective therapy are equally effective according to subjective clinical parameters, with a statistically highly significant reduction of symptoms and drugs (P= 0.002 for symptoms and drugs in SLIT-treated patients; P= 0.002 for symptoms and P= 0.0039 for drugs in patients given injections). On the other hand, objective parameters (total specific IgG, specific IgG4, skin reactivity) changed only in patients treated with active injective therapy, with P 〈 0.001, P 〈 0.001 and P= 0.021, respectively.Conclusions The discrepancies observed could be interpreted as a consequence of different mechanisms of action of the two therapies or to the lack of close relationships between the clinical and the objective parameters which were considered here.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00522.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intractable pruritus in HIV infection: immunologic characterization (1999)
    Copenhagen : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 54 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Severe, intractable pruritus, often associated with erythematopapular skin lesions and hypereosinophilia, is a condition observed in some nonatopic, HIV-infected patients. We performed immunovirologic analyses of this condition. Methods: Immunologic (mitogen-stimulated production of cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α], and soluble CD23; serum levels of soluble CD23, ICAM-1, TNF-α, IgG, IgE, and IgA) and virologic (HIV viral load) parameters were analyzed in six patients with therapy-resistant pruritus. Hypereosinophilia was present in all these patients. Results were compared to those of seven HIV-seropositive individuals similar to the first one in terms of CD4 counts and clinical staging, but without pruritus. Results: Hypereosinophilia; hyper-IgE and hyper-IgA; augmented interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and sCD23; and reduced interferon-gamma production by mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were detected when patients with pruritus were compared to HIV controls. HIV viral load was also augmented in patients in whom pruritus was present. Conclusions: The results suggest that therapy-resistant, intractable pruritus accompanied by hypereosinophilia may be used to define a subset of HIV-seropositive individuals showing prototypic hyperactivation of humoral immunity, and in whom augmented HIV viral load is present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.1999.00885.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical and mycological evaluation of fluconazole in the secondary prophylaxis of esophageal candidiasis in AIDS patients (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 10 (1994), S. 17-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: AIDS ; Candida ; Candidal esophagitis ; Fluconazole prophylaxis ; Italy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A prospective, multicenter, open study of fluconazole prophylaxis was performed in AIDS patients to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of the drug in preventing relapses of esophageal candidiasis. To this aim, 99 AIDS patients who presented a first episode of clinically and microbiologically confirmed esophageal candidiasis were enrolled in eleven clinical centers scattered throughout the Italian territory. After resolution of this initial esophagitis, all subjects were given fluconazole, 100 mg/die, and followed up for a 6 month period. Only 7 out of the 99 patients enrolled had a relapse ofCandida esophagitis, during a mean follow-up period of 138.5 days. All relapsing patients had CD4+ cell number 〈100/µl at baseline. Mild side effects were reported in only eight patients. However, 14 of the 27 subjects from whom serial serum samples were available became (12) or remained (2) antigenemic during fluconazole prophylaxis, independently from relapse, suggesting the persistence of tissue-invasive, proliferatingCandida cells. Overall, the data of this study suggest a beneficial effect of prophylactic maintenance therapy with fluconazole againstCandida esophagitis, particularly in the population with 〉100 CD4+/µl. However, the data onCandida antigenemia in these patients invite the consideration of a relative inefficiency of the drug to eradicate the microrganism from the esophageal tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01717446
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Attempted treatment of fulminant viral hepatitis with human fibroblast interferon (1985)
    Springer
    Infection 13 (1985), S. 130-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung β-Interferon wurde 16 Patienten i.v. infundiert, die an einem Leberkoma dritten oder vierten Grades infolge fulminanter Hepatitis-B-Virus-Infektion litten. Zehn von ihnen wiesen eine durch δ-Agens bedingte Super- oder Koinfektion auf. Bei keinem Patienten konnte eine meßbare Interferon (IFN)-Aktivität vor Therapie-Beginn nachgewiesen werden. Außer Fieber wurden während der Behandlung keine nennenswerten Nebenwirkungen beobachtet. Die Überlebensraten waren nahezu gleich bei den mit Interferon behandelten Patienten und bei einer aus 70 Fällen von fulminanter Virus-B-Hepatitis gebildeten „historischen“ Kontrollgruppe, welche in den vorherigen zehn Jahren lediglich mit unterstützenden Maßnahmen behandelt worden war. Außerdem konnten keine statistisch signifikanten Unterschiede in der Überlebenstrate δ-positiver und δ-negativer Patienten festgestellt werden.
    Notes: Summary β-interferon was administered by intravenous infusion to 16 patients affected with fulminant hepatitis B virus infection in third or fourth-grade coma. Ten patients presented a superinfection or a co-infection due to the delta (δ)-agent. None had detectable interferon (IFN) activity before therapy was begun. Besides fever, no significant side-effects were observed during treatment. Both the IFN-treated group as well as the “historical” control group, made up of 70 cases of fulminant virus hepatitis, not treated with IFN and observed during a previous ten year-period, received supportive therapy; survival rates were similar in both groups. Furthermore, the presence or absence of the δ-agent did not appear to affect survival rates significantly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01642872
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Italian multicentre study of didanosine compassionate use in advanced HIV infection (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 16 (1997), S. 135-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of the present study, a multicentre trial of didanosine (ddI) compassionate use, was to identify factors associated with a better outcome in patients given ddI monotherapy. Enrolled were 1047 HIV-positive patients intolerant of and/or unresponsive to zidovudine (ZDV) therapy, with CD4+ cell counts of 〈 200/μl or AIDS. Didanosine was given at a dose of 250 mg b.i.d. (patients ≥ 60 kg) or 167 mg b.i.d. (patients 〈 60 kg). Clinical examinations and laboratory tests were performed every two months. Endpoints included death, the occurrence of a new AIDS-defining disease, or permanent discontinuation of ddI for a severe adverse event. At entry, the median CD41 cell count was 47/μl and the median duration of prior ZDV treatment 19 months; 446 patients (43%) were classified as having AIDS. Severe toxicity occurred in 143 subjects (14%); the frequency of pancreatitis was very low (0.2%), The benefit in terms of CD4+ cell counts was greater for patients whose counts exceeded 100/μl at entry and remained at this level until month 12 in those patients still receiving treatment. Death and/or new AIDS-defining events were observed in 374 cases (36%) over a median follow-up of eight months. AIDS dementia was observed in 11 patients (1 %). Multivariate analysis of survival without disease progression showed that the factors associated with a worse outcome include the severity of immunodepression, a diagnosis of AIDS at entry, and a history of both intolerance of and clinical resistance to ZDV. Surprisingly, the patients who had received previous prolonged treatment with ZDV had a better outcome. In conclusion, severely immunodepressed patients previously administered long-term monotherapy may receive a short-term benefit from being switched to another antiretroviral drug.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01709472
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