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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 156 (1969), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: myocardial ischemia ; revascularization ; laser ; systolicperfusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Laser-induced intramyocardial revascularization (LIR) has been used to promote direct communications between blood within the ventricular cavity and that of the existing myocardial vasculature in an attempt to increase perfusion in patients with ischemic heart discase. This study was conducted to measure the effects of LIR channels on regional myocardial flood flow (microspheres), cardiac mechanics (sonomicrometers), and myocardial tissue pressures in 18 dogs. Under baseline hemodynamic conditions (mean HR=165.2±11.4 bpm, LVP=123.6±22.9/4.0±1.8 mmHg, AoP=112.8±27.1/77.0±22.5 mmHg), myocardial blood flow in laser-treated tissue (mean =1.11±.10 cc/min/gm before laser; .71±.19 cc/min/gm after laser) was reduced as compared to blood flow in control tissue (mean=1.12±.15 cc/min/gm before laser; 1.25±.22 cc/min/gm after laser). Regional myocardial systolic shortening (11.32%±3.82% before laser; 7.49%±2.86% after laser) was decreased by 33%. During simultaneous reversible ligation of the LAD and LCCA for 2 min, when intramyocardial channels represented the only tissue access for the injected microspheres, blood flow in laser-treated tissue was not increased above that of the control non-lasered tissue. However, regional blood flow was greater in laser-treated ischemic tissue (mean=.61±.12 cc/min/gm) than in untreated ischemic areas (mean=.04±.03 cc/min/gm) when left ventricular pressure (LVP) was acutely elevated (mean SLVP=207.0±16.1 mmHg). Using these measurements, a model is proposed to predict regional systolic pressure gradients between the left ventricular cavity and coronary intramyocardial vasculature required to permit restoration of blood flow to ischemic myocardium. We conclude that improved perfusion via laser-induced intramyocardial channels does not occur in otherwise normal myocardium exposed to acute coronary ligation and only small improvements in perfusion are noted when LVP is significantly elevated. Consideration of further clinical application of this approach is seriously cautioned awaiting additional experimental studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: coronary stenosis ; chronic ischemia ; coronary collaterals ; regional myocardial mechanics ; mitochondria ; oxidative phosphorylation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Progressive stenosis of the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery in young pigs was surgically induced over eight weeks and was accompanied by the development of coronary collateral circulation originating from the right coronary artery. The antero-apical left ventricular myocardium dependent on this induced collateral blood supply became hypokinetic compared with the other regions of the left ventricle in the same hearts, and compared with the same region in different hearts, where the native ciruculation exists. Regional myocardial mechanics determined as fractional systolic shortening was 12.5±1.5% in normal regions, 0.7±2.4% in collateral-dependent myocardium, and in acutely ischemic myocardium was −2.0±1.3%, indicative of systolic lengthening. The rate of state 3 respiration of isolated mitochondria was depressed by 20% in collateral regions and by 64% in acutely ischemic regions relative to values obtained in mitochondria from respective normal myocardium (300 natoms of oxygen/min/mg mitochondria protein). Regional myocardial blood flow determined by 15 μ radionuclide labelled spheres revealed subendocardial hypoperfusion of 0.34±0.11 ml/min/g tissue in the collateral-dependent regions compared to 1.06±0.26 ml/min/g tissue in the normal regions. Transmural ischemia was observed (〈0.10 ml/min/g tissue) in regions subjected to acute coronary artery ligation. Light microscopy revealed patchy fibrotic lesions predominately associated with the subendocardial half of of the collateral dependent myocardial wall. Accordingly, the hypokinesia of collateral-dependent myocardium is more likely the result of blood flow abnormalities and loss of contractile elements than from mitochondrial dysfunction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Basic research in cardiology 75 (1980), S. 444-451 
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Wirkung von Vanadat (NH4VO3, Na3VO4) und Vanadyl (VOSO4) auf die Myokardfunktion wurde an einer Reihe von In-vivo- und In-vitro-Präparationen des Herzens untersucht, ebenso wie der Vanadateffekt auf subzelluläre kardiale Systeme. Vanadat wirkt positiv inotrop in isolierten Ventrikeln und Vorhöfen von Hund, Katze, Meerschweinchen, Kaninchen und Ratte. Die dafür notwendigen Konzentrationen waren 10–500 μM. Vanadyl war weniger wirksam als Na3VO4 oder NH4VO3 Vanadat wirkt negativ inotrop an Meerschweinchen- und Katzenvorhofpräparaten in niedrigeren Konzentrationen als für den positiv inotropen Effekt notwendig sind. An mit Blut perfundierten Papillarmuskeln oder Herzen sowie am narkotisierten oder nicht narkotisierten Tier reduziert Vanadat die linksventrikuläre Funktion und verursacht eine deutliche periphere und koronare Vasokonstriktion. Isolierte Koronararterienstreifen (Schwein) gehen durch Vanadat in Kontraktur über ähnlich der g-Strophanthinwirkung. An isolierten subzellulären Systemen des Herzmuskels hemmen niedrige Vanadatkonzentrationen (0.1–100 μM) die sarkolemmale Na+, K+-ATPase, die Ca++-ATPase des sarkoplasmatischen Retikulums sowie dessen Ca++-Bindung und Ca++-Aufnahme. Andererseits wird die kardiale Adenylatzyklase stimuliert. Höhere Vanadatkonzentrationen (100–1000 μM) hemmen die myofibrilläre ATPase, die Phosphorylation von Troponin I und die mitochondriale ATPase. Auf der Basis der verschiedenen Wirkungen des Vanadats werden die Mechanismen zur Diskussion gestellt, über die Vanadat am intakten Herzen wirken könnte. Außerdem wird die mögliche regulatorische Rolle des Vanadats in vivo in Hinsicht auf die Myokardfunktion beurteilt.
    Notes: Summary The influence of vanadate (NH4VO3, Na3VO4) and vanadyl (VOSO4) on myocardial function was studied using a variety ofin vivo andex vivo cardiac preparations. In addition, the influence of vanadate on a variety of cardiac subcellular systems was examinedin vitro. In isolated ventricular and atrial muscle of dog, cat, guinea pig, rabbit and rat, vanadate produces a positive inotropic effect. The effective concentration for positive inotropy in these tissues ranged from 10 to 500 μM. Vanadyl sulfate was less effective than either sodium ortho-vanadate or ammonium meta-vanadate. Vanadate produced negative inotropic effects in guinea pig and cat isolated left atrium, at concentrations lower than those required to produce positive inotropic effects in sensitive species and tissues. In blood perfused papillary muscle or whole heart, or in whole animal (anesthetized or conscious), vanadate generally reduced ventricular performance and produced a marked peripheral and coronary vasoconstriction. Vanadate also contracted isolated poocine coronary artery strips, an effect similar to that produced by ouabain. Vanadate caused a variety of effects on isolated subcellular systems of cardiac muscle. Low concentrations (0.1–100 μM) inhibited sarcolemmal Na+, K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase, Ca2+-binding to and uptake by sarcoplasmic reticulum, but stimulated hormone-sensitive adenylate cyclase. Higher concentrations of vanadate (100–1000 μM) inhibited myofibrillar ATPase, phosphorylation of troponin I, and mitochondrial ATPase. On the basis of these effects of vanadate on cardiac subcellular systems, mechanisms by which vanadate acts on intact myocardium are proposed. Furthermore, consideration of anin vivo, regulatory role of vanadate is presented with regard to myocardial function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Basic research in cardiology 76 (1981), S. 468-473 
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: regional mechanics ; blood flow distribution ; blood gases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A model for coronary collateral vessel development is presented for the pig heart. Chronic stenosis of the left anterior descending coronary artery results in collateral development to functional myocardium with limited mechanical reserve.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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