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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 49 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Radioactivity within individual brain compartments was determined from 5 min to 44 h after intravenous injection of [14C]palmitate into awake Fischer-344 rats, aged 21 days or 3 months. Total radioactivity peaked broadly between 15 min and 1 h after injection, declined rapidly between 1 and 2h, and then more slowly. In 3-month-old rats, the lipid and protein brain fractions were maximally labeled within 15 min after [14C]palmitate injection, then retained approximately constant label for up to 2 days. Radioactivity in the aqueous brain fraction comprised mainly radioactive glutamate and glutamine, and peaked at 45 min, when it comprised 48% of total brain radioactivity, then decreased to 27% of the total at 4h, 15% at 20h, and 10% at 44 h. Percent distribution of radioactivity within the different brain compartments, 4 h after intravenous injection of [14C]palmitate, was similar in 21-day-old and 3-month-old rats, despite higher net brain uptake in the younger animals. The results indicate that about 50% of plasma [14C]palmitate that enters the brain of adult rats is incorporated rapidly into stable protein and lipid compartments. The remaining [14C]palmitate enters the aqueous fraction after β-oxidation, and is slowly lost. At 4 h after injection, 73% of brain radioactivity is within the stable brain compartments; this fraction increases to 86% by 20 h.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @journal of African history 25 (1984), S. 93-96 
    ISSN: 0021-8537
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: History
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0021-8537
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: History
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @journal of African history 23 (1982), S. 561-562 
    ISSN: 0021-8537
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: History
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @journal of African history 18 (1977), S. 139-140 
    ISSN: 0021-8537
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: History
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @journal of African history 16 (1975), S. 201-216 
    ISSN: 0021-8537
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: History
    Notes: Nzinga of Matamba, the seventeenth-century African monarch known primarily for her enmity to the Portuguese in Angola, also faced hostility from her own Mbundu people and the opposition of neighbouring African rulers throughout her long career. Her sex disqualified her from many Mbundu political offices reserved for males, and her origins in the lineageless community at the Mbundu king's royal court made her an outsider in terms of the lineage politics of most Mbundu states. But she overcame these disadvantages by skilful manipulation of the aliens present on the Mbundu borders, Imbangala warrior bands, the Portuguese, and the Dutch, and dominated Mbundu politics and diplomacy until her death in 1663. The domestic forces arrayed against Nzinga triumphed after her death, expelling her chosen successors from the Matamba royal title and omitting her name from the oral traditions of the state. These hypotheses, while not susceptible to direct proof, seem probable on the basis of a re-reading of documentary sources in the light of ethnographic and oral historical evidence collected in 1969–1970.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @journal of African history 13 (1972), S. 549-574 
    ISSN: 0021-8537
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: History
    Notes: Articles by Vansina and Birmingham in the J.A.H. have explored the possibility of deriving the chronology of state-formation in central Africa from the date when warrior armies known as Imbangala (also, erroneously, as ‘Jaga’) appeared in Angola. This article, drawing on new traditions collected in Angola during 1969, shows that the figures described by the oral histories are permanent named titles in systems of positional succession and perpetual kinship; they therefore contain no implicit chronology based on assumed human life spans. The new evidence suggests that many years elapsed between the origin of one Imbangala title in the nascent Lunda empire and its successors' appearance on the coast. Although documents establish the Imbangala presence in Angola as early as 1563, this date reveals little about preceding events in Katanga, which may have taken place many decades, or even centuries, earlier. Finally, by extending the methodological techniques developed for the Imbangala traditions to published Lunda histories, it is suggested that the Luba and Lunda kingdoms may have passed through several periods before the stage previously assumed to have initiated the development of states in central Africa. The article concludes by suggesting that formation of (probably very small-scale) states began much earlier than previous analyses have demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @journal of African history 16 (1975), S. 145-147 
    ISSN: 0021-8537
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: History
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @journal of African history 23 (1982), S. 17-61 
    ISSN: 0021-8537
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: History
    Notes: Some 170 references to drought and disease along the south-western coast of Central Africa between 1550 and 1830 suggest that climatic and epidemiological factors motivated the farmers and herders of West-Central Africa in historically significant ways. Nearly all references come from documentary sources and so bear primarily on conditions in the drier and less fertile areas near Luanda and to the south, where African reactions would have been strongest.While minor shortages of rain occurred too frequently to receive much explicit attention in the documents, longer droughts spread more widely every decade or so and attracted notice. Major periods of dryness, extending for seven years or more and touching all parts of the region, occurred perhaps once each century and produced comments throughout the documentation.Localized minor droughts hardly disrupted the lives of Africans, who had presumably devised agricultural and pastoral strategies to take account of such ordinary climatic variation. Two-or three-year rainfall shortages produced banditry and warfare that often attracted Portuguese military retaliation. Major droughts disrupted polities and societies and hence coincided with major turning points in West-Central African history in the late sixteenth and late eighteenth centuries. In the earlier case, agricultural failures produced the famed ‘Jaga’ or Imbangala warriors, who elevated pillage to a way of life and who joined the Portuguese in establishing the Angolan slave trade. The later, protracted drought from 1784 to 1793 coincided with the historic peak of slave exports from West-Central Africa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @journal of African history 23 (1982), S. 120-121 
    ISSN: 0021-8537
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: History
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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