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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase reduces Sephadex-induced oedema formation in the rat lung: Dependence on intact adrenal function (1995)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 44 (1995), S. 418-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Corticosterone ; Leucocyte emigration ; Lung oedema ; Nitric oxide synthase ; Sephadex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In the present study we have investigated the effect of L-nitro arginine mono methyl ester (L-NAME), an inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase on Sephadex induced inflammation in the rat lung. Instillation of Sephadex into the airways induced an inflammatory reaction characterized by a long-lasting interstitial oedema, measured as an increase in lung weight, and an influx of inflammatory cells into the airways. L-NAME given s.c. prevented the increase in lung weight following Sephadex instillation. The inactive enantiomer D-NAME had no effect, nor did aminoguanidine which indicates that this effect of L-NAME was mediated by inhibition of the constitutive form of NOS. Treatment with L-NAME did not reduce an established oedema. In contrast, L-NAME tended to enhance the influx of oesinophils into the airways of Sephadex-instilled animals. L-NAME did not have any effect on the development of oedema in adrenalectomized rats or in animals where formation of glucocorticosteroids (GCS) was inhibited with metyrapone. L-NAME did not however, increase plasma levels of corticosterone. The present results indicate that, in this model, inhibition of NO-synthesis has marked anti-inflammatory effects. The underlying mechanism is complex but seems not to involve prevention of overproduction of NO.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01757698
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gut mucosal uptake and retention characteristics contribute to the high intestinal selectivity of budesonide compared with prednisolone in the rat (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 15 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Budesonide and prednisolone are both effective for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, but budesonide produces fewer adverse systemic effects. High first-pass hepatic inactivation of budesonide partially explains its favourable ratio between topical and systemic activity, but it is probable that its uptake and retention in intestinal target tissues are also contributory.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Aim:To compare the uptake and retention of radio-labelled budesonide and prednisolone in rat ileal mucosa in vivo.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods: 3H-Budesonide and 3H-prednisolone were applied for 10 min directly to a perfused segment of rat ileum in vivo, followed by saline lavage every 10 min. Steroid uptake into the mucosa and submucosa was assessed at 20 min and 4 h. The uptake of budesonide was also measured in allergen-challenged animals vs. saline-challenged controls to assess whether inflammation of the mucosa with ongoing plasma exudation would impair its uptake.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:Budesonide was better absorbed into ileal tissue (15-fold at 20 min) than prednisolone and better retained (50-fold at 4 h) after topical administration. The uptake of budesonide was not impaired by exudation processes following allergen challenge.〈section xml:id="abs1-5"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions:The higher uptake and retention characteristics of budesonide in gut mucosa should contribute to its greater intestinal selectivity compared with that of prednisolone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.01129.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Motor unit action potential field — Modelling results (1986)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 53 (1986), S. 307-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The theoretical field of a motor unit (MU) action potential (MUP) was considered. It has been proved that in normal muscles the shape of a smooth threephasic MUP curve is determined mostly by the spatial distribution of MU muscle fibres. Phenomena called “time dispersion” are of prime importance in pathology, where they complicate normal threephasic MUP. Amplitudes and time parameters of model three-phasic MUP were analyzed as a function of the radial distance R from the geometrical centre of the motor unit territory (MUT) and approximated by mathematical expressions. It appeared that analysis of radial variability of MUP curve allows conclusions to be made about the MUT size and the spatial distribution of MU muscle fibres. These anatomical features of a MU are often changed in pathological muscles, thus the proposed methods of their evaluation could be helpful in diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336563
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A method of description of single muscle fibre action potential by an analytical function V(t, r) (1987)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 56 (1987), S. 237-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The paper describes a new method of analytical description of single muscle fibre action potential suitable for computer simulation. The description introduced is a product of quadratic and gaussian functions. The coefficients of the function are determined on the basis of dependences of SFAP parameters on electrode-to-fibre distance combined from the transformed results of electrophysiological experiments and modelling. The description is being used for computer simulation of motor unit action potential which results will be described in forthcoming papers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00365218
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Topical anti-inflammatory activity of the glucocorticoid budesonide on airway mucosa. Evidence for a “hit and run” type of activity (1990)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 29 (1990), S. 127-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Conclusions 1. The increase of macromolecular leakage from the airway mucosa into the airway lumen can be significantly counteracted by locally applied BUD 4 μg/kg. 2. The same dose of 4 μg/kg, when administered via intravenous route or to distal trachea and bronchi, is without effect on BRAD-induced leakage. 3. (1)–(2) imply that tracheally applied BUD exerts its anti-permability effect, at such a low dose, strictly at application site and does not act by the part available to the systemic or pulmonary-bronchial circulation. Probably, it influences directly tracheal epithelial lining and affects endothelium of tracheal postcapillary venules. 4. The anti-permeability action is not reproduced by 10 min superfusion with progesterone 3×10−6 M, supporting a selective GCS mechanism by topical BUD. 5. Our results suggest that inhalation of selected GCS will lead to a rapidly triggered but protracted anti-inflammatory action on airway mucosa. After triggering, the GCS can be absorbed and inactivated through biotransformation (“hit and run” type of activity). 6. The presented rat tracheal model permits the continuous and precise (area, time) topical application of drugs to airway mucosa. Permeability studies can then be performed on the same airway segment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01964740
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Attenuation of bradykinin-induced mucosal inflammation by topical budesonide in rat trachea (1991)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 34 (1991), S. 200-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The extravasation of plasma proteins and formation of interendothelial gaps in submucosal microvessels by mucosally-applied bradykinin (BK), were studied in the rat trachea. The effects of topical and systemic (s.c.) glucocorticoid budesonide (BUD) were investigated in the presence or absence of inhibitors of BK-degradive enzymes (captopril and thiorphan 10 μM to inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and neutral endopeptidase (NEP), respectively). Inhibition of these enzymes markedly increased the inflammatory responses to BK. Topical BUD (3 μM, 10 min contact, 90 min before BK) significantly decreased the volume of plasma in the tracheal lumen, both in the absence and presence of the enzyme inhibitors. Thus, the main anti-transudation mechanism of topical BUD is not related to modulation of BK-breakdown. However, this may be the mechanism for systemic BUD. Neither topical nor systemic BUD prevented interendothelial gap formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01993278
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