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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Intelligent Packaging: Concepts and Applications (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 70 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: : Intelligent packaging is an emerging technology that uses the communication function of the package to facilitate decision making to achieve the benefits of enhanced food quality and safety. In this paper, the term intelligent packaging is defined based on a proposed model of packaging functions, which is consistent with the historical development of food packaging. A conceptual framework is also developed to provide more precise meaning to the definition and to elucidate the anatomy of the intelligent packaging system. The latest advances in smart package devices including barcode labels, radio frequency identification tags, time-temperature indicators, gas indicators, and biosensors are reviewed. The applications of the conceptual framework to Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points and microwave ovens are illustrated. A research roadmap for intelligent packaging is also suggested.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2005.tb09052.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    MIGRATION OF STYRENE MONOMER FROM POLYSTYRENE PACKAGING MATERIALS INTO FOOD SIMULANTS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food processing and preservation 8 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4549
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Migration studies of residual styrene from Impact Polystyrene cups into soybean oil were carried out at several temperatures. Experimental migration curves were compared to theoretical ones calculated from diffusion-type equations; the former showed higher (by approximately 20%) migration rates and equilibrium styrene concentrations in the oil. Even though the residual styrene was in most cases below 0.1% (far below the levels allowed by the FDA), significant migration occurred, and the resulting styrene concentrations in the oil exceeded the previously determined organoleptic threshold by more than an order of magnitude. The diffusion coefficient of styrene in polystyrene was found to decrease and the partition coefficient to increase with the decrease of residual styrene indicating an increase in monomer-polymer interaction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4549.1985.tb00694.x
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    TEMPERATURE PROFILES IN DOUGH HEATED WITH A SUSCEPTOR IN THE MICROWAVE OVEN (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food processing and preservation 22 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4549
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A model based on energy considerations for predicting temperature profiles in a microwaved dough placed in contact with a susceptor was developed. Using a commercial finite element software (“Ansys 5.01”), for an axisymmetric and transient heat transfer problem, the temperatures at the dough/susceptor interface and in the whole dough were calculated. The calculated temperatures at the susceptor/dough interface were superimposed on previously published curves (based on a correlation relating temperatures at the interface with heating time, dough and susceptor parameters) and compared to experimentally determined values. A very good agreement between the experimentally determined temperatures and the values predicted from this model and from the previously described correlation was obtained. In the dough, an uneven temperature distribution in the radial direction, caused mainly by evaporative cooling at the surface, was predicted. The calculated temperatures for different susceptors, heating times and various locations in the dough correlated well with experimentally determined values.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4549.1998.tb00804.x
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    THE TBA METHOD AS AN INDEX OF OXIDATION OF THERMALLY PRESERVED TURKEY MEAT IN PLASTIC TRAYS AND CANS (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food processing and preservation 22 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4549
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) determinations of malondialdehyde (MDA) in thermally preserved red turkey meat packed in high barrier plastic trays and in cans, were carried out as a function of product layer and storage temperature (15, 25 and 35C). Several types of plastic trays, with different oxygen permeabilities, were evaluated. In the most permeable plastic trays the product in the surface layer reached maximum TBA values at all storage temperatures after a certain storage period, followed by their decrease. In the higher barrier trays and in the cans, the TBA values decreased continuously with time. The peak TBA values, observed in the least barrier plastic trays declined with storage temperature. In the inner product layers, the TBA values decreased during storage in all types of packages and at all temperatures. The reduction in TBA values can be explained by the disappearance of TBA reacting substances (TBARS). The extent of TBARS disappearance was greater in the absence of oxygen than in its presence. The results of this study indicate that TBA determinations are not a reliable indicator for quality deterioration during storage of thermally treated meat products in plastic packages.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4549.1998.tb00810.x
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Energy absorption characteristics of polymeric foams used as cushioning materials (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 129-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The “Efficiency of Energy Absorption” (or “Efficiency”) and “Ideality” parameters were evaluated for several plastic foams and were found to be very useful in choosing an appropriate cushion for the protection of a specific product. The maxima in these parameters were found to be in the same range of stresses, when derived from dynamic measurements or from predicted stress-strain curves based on previously proposed “Reference” and “Modified Boltzman Superposition” Models. For the rate independent foams the maxima in these parameters do not change with strain rate and can therefore be derived from slow, constant rate (“static”) experiments. For rate dependent foams however, the maxima from “static” measurements were found to be in a lower range of stresses than those derived from dynamic ones. As a result, slow rate compressive measurements do not predict well the behavior of the foams during impact and the use of the “Reference” and “Modified Boltzman Superposition” Models is required for good predictions. It was found that the suffer PS and PE foams attain maximum Efficiency and Ideality at higher stresses than the more flexible PUR foams.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760300210
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Characterization of stress relaxation curves of plastic foams (1986)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 26 (1986), S. 1305-1309 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Stress relaxation curves of plastic foams can be normalized and presented as a linear function of time. The two parameters derived from this model provide information about the residual modulus and relaxation rate. This simple method was found to describe relaxation curve as well as the more complex successive residuals method. It was found that the residual relaxation modulus as determined by the normalization and linearization technique depends on the strain history of the samples.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760261904
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Prediction of dynamic properties of plastic foams from constant-strain rate measurements (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 40 (1990), S. 1683-1692 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: This study demonstrated how cushioning curves can be predicted from constant-strain rate measurements and a limited number of stress-relaxation or drop experiments. For rate-independent foams, only one stress-strain curve and the proposed dynamic model are required. For rate-dependent foams, however, a computer and appropriate software are also needed to predict accurately cushioning curves.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070400922
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Flow behavior of well characterized polyethylene melts (1973)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 13 (1973), S. 273-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: A careful characterization and rheological study of low density polyethylene (LDPE) reveals that long-chain branching (LCB) plays a decisive role. At constant molecular weight (M̄w) higher LCB reduces the Newtonian viscosity ηo and the shear sensitivity, increases the activation energy Eo, and finally delays transition to pseudoplastic flow to higher shear rates and the onset of melt fracture to higher shear stresses (τd). The flow parameters ηo, \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \dot \gamma _{cr} $\end{document}cr, τd, and the derived flow relaxation times are uniquely correlatable by means of a modified molecular weight (gM̄w) incorporating the LCB effect. High density polyethylene are less shear sensitive than their low-density counterparts, have a lower activation energy, fracture at higher shear stress levels and cannot be regarded as branchless LDPE's.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760130406
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Evaluation of cushioning properties of plastic foams from compressive measurements (1981)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 21 (1981), S. 1010-1014 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Evaluation criteria for the cushioning properties of plastic foams were developed on the basis of their stress-strain curves. The energy-absorption efficiency and ideality parameters have maxima when plotted against stress. The maximum in the efficiency curve represents the strain range where maximum energy is absorbed by the foam at the corresponding stress; the higher and flatter this maximum, the better the cushioning properties of the foam. The maximum in the ideality curve represents the range where the foam transmits a constant force to the packaged product. Two flexible polyurethane foams and two semirigid bonded polyurethane chipfoams were evaluated by the proposed method.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760211505
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Prediction of gas permeability of nylon from glass-transition temperature (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 50 (1993), S. 2095-2098 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: A method to predict the permeability coefficients of gases in nylons at different relative humidities was proposed. The model was tested for Nylon 6 and 6,6 with oxygen as a permeant. Very good agreement between the predicted and experimentally determined values was found. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070501207
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