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  • 1
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Extra-nuclear inheritance ; aphids ; greenbugs ; Schizaphis graminum ; biotypes ; hybrids ; fundatrix ; plant resistance ; symbiotes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Greenbugs of biotype E that grow and reproduce well on a biotype C-resistant sorghum (IS 809) were crossed with biotype C greenbugs. The resulting hybrids were tested on IS 809 to study how the ability to overcome the cultivar's resistance is inherited. Only those hybrids stemming from biotype E mothers were able to overcome the resistance of IS 809 plants, indicating that this trait is inherited by the sexually-produced fundatrices in an extra-nuclear manner from the mother. A plausible explanation for this phenomenon is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Licking ; Oral behavior ; Electrophysiology ; Striatum ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study examined the relationship of single-neuron activity (n = 739), recorded from the lateral striatum of freely moving rats, to oral movements involved in licking single drops of liquid. Certain neurons (n = 74) fired specifically in relation to licking. Their firing rates increased during licking, but remained near zero in the absence of licking, throughout a full sensorimotor examination of the remainder of the orofacial area and all other body parts. Another category of neurons (n = 17) fired during licking but also fired in the absence of licking, during one or more other orofacial sensorimotor function(s). Lick-related neurons were located in the lateral striatum, throughout the entire anterior-posterior range studied (from +1.5 to -1.5 mm anterior-posterior, A-P, bregma = 0). Summed over the full A–P range, they were located significantly ventral to representations of the trunk and limbs. These findings extend the characterization of the somatotopic organization exhibited by lateral striatal neurons in the rat, to include representation of oral functions, consistent with converging evidence regarding the functional organization of the striatum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 198 (1963), S. 209-210 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Spot tests failed to detect amino-acids in the honeydew excreted by M. persicae feeding on solutions of sucrose only, but indicated a high level of amino-compounds in the honeydew excreted by aphids feeding on a diet containing the 20 L-amino-acids previously listed1. In order to test whether some ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 172 (1953), S. 207-207 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The determination of the composition of phloem sap, which is the normal food of aphids, was undertaken in 1950. The phloem sap of two- to four-year-old stems of Salix spp. was collected as it exuded through the severed mouthparts of the aphid, Tuberolachnus salignus (Gmelin), by the method outlined ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 214 (1967), S. 386-386 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Although these results can be viewed in terms of the behavioural and nutritional responses by the aphid to the overall concentration of amino-acids in the diet, it was realized that the adverse effect on growth, in particular, of an overall reduction in the concentration of amino-acids could ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 171 (1953), S. 528-528 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The technique of obtaining sap from severed aphid stylets has been developed since (by T. E. M.) using the lachnid, Tuberolachnus salignus (Gmelin), a conveniently large species colonizing the branches of Salix spp. That part of the aphid's rostrum which remains outside the plant during feeding can ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 171 (1953), S. 528-529 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] As a result of investigations on a limited number of species, carried out along the same lines as those used for Helix aspersa1, it was established that the following land snails could regenerate their shell as readily as could Helix aspersa: Clausiliidse Balea perversa (L.) Clausilia rugosa ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 195 (1962), S. 404-404 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We have also found that M. persicae ingests sugary fluids via a membrane. These solutions, with and without neutral red or phosphorus-32 as indicators of uptake, were presented to the aphids in simple cages or in choice-chambers, with the fluids above a membrane of stretched 'Parafilm'--a waxy ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 22 (1966), S. 832-833 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es gelang 20 Generationen der Pfirsichblattlaus,Myzus persicae, auf sich folgender steriler künstlicher Diät zu züchten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Auf Gruppen von Erstlarven der Pfirsichblattlaus Myzus persicae (Sulzer), die sich auf holidischer Diät überwiegend zu Alaten entwickeln würden, kann von der Pflanze her ein Einfluß ausgeübt werden, der sie zur Apterenbildung umstimmt. Dieses Apteren-Förderungs-Prinzip (ApF-Prinzip) wirkt verstärkt auf Larven, denen zeitweise die Nahrung entzogen wurde, und auf solche, deren Extremitäten z.T. amputiert worden sind. Das ApF-Prinzip läßt sich besonders deutlich an jungen Rettichkeimlingen nachweisen, aber auch an jungen Pflanzen, falls sie optimale Wirte sind. Stark herabgesetzt ist seine Wirkung an alten Rettichblättern und an von Myzus persicae für längere Zeit gerade noch akzeptierten Pflanzenspecies. Es wird ebenso reduziert bei Welken, Etiolement oder während und kurz nach Übervölkerung junger Rettichkeimlinge. Durch Bedecken der Kotyledonen mit dünner Parafilm-Membran oder durch Abwaschen dieser Blätter mit Wasser ist das ApF-Prinzip teilweise auszuschalten. Wir vermuten, daß das ApF-Prinzip weitgehend mit “guter” Nahrung gekoppelt ist, wobei allerdings eine wichtige Komponente als “token stimulus” wirken müßte (z.T. schon auf der Pflanzenoberfläche). Die Standard-Diät dürfte folglich “schlechte” Nahrung bieten. Bei ihrer Verschlechterung (z. B. Fortlassen von Ascorbinsäure, kurzfristiger Entzug der Nahrung) steigt zuerst die Alatenzahl, um unter extrem schlechten Bedingungen (Entzug der Nahrung länger als 18 Std, Fortlassen des essentiellen Isoleucins) in vermehrte Apterenbildung umzuschlagen. Der Einfluß des Gruppeneffektes kann modifizierend auf die Reaktion nach kurzzeitigem Nahrungsentzug einwirken: Larven in Gruppen entwickeln sich verstärkt zu Alaten, vereinzelte Larven verstärkt zu Apteren.
    Notes: Summary Certain plants are able to convert first stage larvae of the Green Peach Aphid into apterous larvae although the larger part of them would develop into alates if reared continuously on a holidic diet. This Apterousness Promoting Principle (ApP principle) has a greater effect on previously starved larvae and on those whose extremities were partly amputated. The ApP principle can be shown most clearly in young radish seedlings, as well as in other young plants if they are optimal hosts. It is reduced in old radish leaves and in plant species which are merely accepted by Myzus persicae for a longer time. The principle is also reduced by wilting, etiolation, or during and shortly following over-population of the young seedlings. By covering the cotyledons with a thin parafilm membrane or by washing them with water the ApP principle is partly eliminated. We suggest the ApP principle is largely coupled with “good” food, but an important component of it operates as a “token stimulus” perceived already in part on the plant surface. Hence the standard diet seems to offer “poor” nutrition. With further deterioration such as the omission of ascorbic acid or brief food deprivation the number of alates increases, whereas with extremely poor food (for example if the essential amino acid isoleucine is entirely omitted or if food is withheld for more than 18 h) this gives way to an increase in the formation of apterous larvae. A group effect may modify the reaction after brief omission of food: more of the larvae in groups develop into alates, single larvae more into apters.
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