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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Voltage required to detach an adhered particle by Coulomb interaction for micromanipulation (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 90 (2001), S. 432-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An adhered particle can be detached by Coulomb interaction. The voltage required for detachment for micromanipulation is theoretically analyzed by employment of a boundary element method. The system consists of a manipulating probe, a spherical particle, and a substrate plate, all of these objects being conductive. The manipulator and the substrate are cylindrical, and axial symmetry is assumed. Although a numerical method is used to solve the equations, all parameters are normalized. The effect of the shape parameters on the Coulomb force is systematically calculated. The force is independent of system size and depends on the relative shape of the system. The force is proportional to the applied voltage raised to the second power. The force generated by the Coulomb interaction is compared with the adhesion force deduced from the Johnson–Kendall–Roberts theory, and the voltage required for detachment is clearly expressed. The possibilities and limitations of micromanipulation using both the adhesion phenomenon and Coulomb interaction are theoretically discussed. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1379353
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improvement of a pressure gradient method and its application to an unsteady flow problem (1985)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 5 (1985), S. 627-635 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Pressure Gradient Method ; Unsteady Flow ; Cavity Flow ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The pressure gradient method using velocity components and components of a pressure gradient as dependent variables has been modified to solve incompressible Newtonian fluid flow problems numerically. Applying this modified method to unsteady-state development of flow in a circular cavity shows that, at least for the case of a low Reynolds number flow, relative errors produced by the proposed method are smaller for most time intervals than those produced by the primitive velocity-pressure variable method and by the standard pressure gradient method. Also it is found that the modified and standard pressure gradient methods can be applied to the unsteady circular cavity flow at a moderate Reynolds number of at least up to 200.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650050704
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of A pressure gradient method to an FEM flow analysis (1986)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 6 (1986), S. 351-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Pressure Gradient Method ; FEM ; Unsteady Flow ; Cavity Flow ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A pressure gradient method employing pressure gradients as dependent variables is applied to a finite-element-method flow analysis for a two-dimensional incompressible Newtonian fluid flow. In a numerical analysis, a triangular element is adopted, a velocity vector and a pressure gradient vector being assigned as dependent variables at the nodal points. Velocity and pressure gradient are interpolated linearly in space, and a discretizing formulation can be made using a suitably selected weighting function. An example of application is shown for an unsteady-state development of a recirculating circular cavity flow, the numerical results to which are in good agreement with those obtained analytically or by other numerical means.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650060604
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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