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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Thoracic impedance ; Haemorrhage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The correlations between the haemodynamic and transthoracic electrical impedance changes resulting from a progressive reduction in the circulating blood volume were studied in four intact mongrel dogs artificially ventilated with a mixture of halothane in nitrous oxide-oxygen. The cardiac output of the dogs was measured by both the electrical impedance and the fibre optic dye dilution techniques. It was found that significant correlations existed between the blood loss and the arterial blood pressure, the maximum first derivative of the transthoracic impedance, the Heather Index, the transthoracic impedance, the maximum rate of change of aortic pressure and the cardiac stroke work. There was also a good correlation between the dye and impedance cardiac output values, the impedance value always being higher than the corresponding dye value. The correlation between the Heather Index and the PEP/LVET ratio and 1 /PEP2 varied markedly from dog to dog.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Blood Resistivity ; Cardiac Output ; Electrical Impedance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A relationship has been established between the haematocrit and the resistivity of whole blood at 37°C for neonates and adults not suffering from renal failure. Values of resistivity obtained in this way were substituted into Kubicek's equation for stroke volume by the electrical impedance technique, the signal pick-up electrodes being placed in standard positions. The calculated cardiac outputs were then compared with those obtained simultaneously from other techniques such as the dye dilution method for adults and the measurement of pulmonary effective capillary blood flow by rebreathing nitrous oxide in neonates. It was found that the impedance method overestimates under these circumstances, and other workers have shown that this is likely to be due to a contribution from the right heart. A haemotocrit-dependent correction factor has been employed in the case of neonates to align the impedance and nitrous oxide results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Myocardiac contractility changes ; Thoracic electrical impedance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The suitability of the peak value of the first derivative of the thoracic electrical impedance dZ/dtmax has been investigated in dogs as a non-invasive index of changes in myocardial contracility by comparing if with the peak left ventricular dP/dt and the peak values of aortic blood velocity and acceleration. An increase in the inspired halothane concentration was used to produce changes in contracility. In 5 dogs the combined values for the correlation coefficient between dZ/dtmax peak velocity and acceleration were respectively 0.937, 0.954 and 0.950. In 14 out 15 comparisons p〈0.001 and in one, p〈0.01. On these grounds, dZ/dtmax is proposed as a variable worthy of consideration in patient monitoring.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 1 (1975), S. 153-162 
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Blood resistivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The temperature dependence of the resistivity of blood samples with haematocrits from 16 to 52.5% has been investigated over the temperature range of 22° to 40 °C at a frequency of 100 kHz. The resistivity of whole blood increased with an increase in haematocrit and a decrease in temperature. The data fitted the relationship: Pohm-cm = (6272 Hct + 75.176) − (0.104 Hct + 1.467) tC where Hct is the percentage haematocrit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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