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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction of copper metallization with rare-earth metals and silicides (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 90 (2001), S. 503-505 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Solid-phase reactions of copper films with underlying gadolinium, erbium, and erbium–silicide layers on Si(100) substrates were investigated. For the phase analysis, x-ray diffraction and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy were used. In the case of Cu/Gd/Si(100), an orthorhombic GdSi2 formed, and, at higher temperatures, copper aggregated into islands. Annealed Cu/Er/Si(100) samples resulted in a hexagonal Er5Si3 phase. In the Cu/ErSi2−x/Si system, the copper catalyzes the transformation of the highly oriented hexagonal ErSi2−x phase into hexagonal Er5Si3. Diverse phase developments of the samples with Gd and Er are based on reactivity differences of the two rare-earth metals. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1378054
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetic shape formation during Gd thin film and Si(100) solid phase reaction (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 74 (1999), S. 1672-1674 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The initial stage of the solid phase reaction between gadolinium thin film and Si(100) substrate was investigated by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The interdiffusion was retarded by deliberate contamination of the Gd/Si interface to slow down the extremely rapid reaction. The surface of the reacted film showed pattern formation in separate spots. The fractal-like development of this rare-earth silicide indicates a kinetic-type process—modified by the structure of the Gd film and by the emerging stresses—rather than a previously proposed nucleation-controlled growth. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.123650
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prompt-gamma activation analysis using thek 0 approach (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 234 (1998), S. 21-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Applying thek 0 standardization method to prompt-gamma activation analysis (PGAA) offers similar benefits as in instrumental neutron activation analysis. It has been demonstrated that under constant flux conditionsk 0-factors obtained by normalizing to a titanium comparator, measured separately, yield consistent analytical sensitivity ratios. The ratio method has been generalized by using stoichiometric compounds for the determination ofk 0-factors. Since chlorine forms compounds with essentially everyelement and it also serves as a detector efficiency standard,k 0 values have been determined relative to chlorine as an internal standard for several analytically important elements in two reactor facilities: the thermal guided beam at the BRR in Budapest and the cold-neutron beams at the NBSR at NIST.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02389741
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nuclear Data for Activation Analysis (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 244 (2000), S. 27-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Nuclear data for neutron activation analysis are reviewed critically. Available sources of neutron cross sections and related quantities, radioactive decay half-lives, gamma-ray energies and absolute intensities, as well as prompt gamma-ray data are assessed from the viewpoint of quantitative analysis. New developments in the production and dissemination of such data are also described, and practical recommendations are formulated. Special emphasis is given to the traceability of sources, the accuracy and age of data, and to electronic access via Internet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006798216987
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A New Gamma-Ray Spectrum Catalog for PGAA (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 244 (2000), S. 383-389 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A major obstacle to the use of the prompt gamma activation analysis (PGAA) method has so far been the lack of a suitable library. Therefore, new measurements have been performed at the PGAA facility at Budapest Research Reactor (BRR) in order to create a prompt γ-ray catalog for qualitative and quantitative analysis. Prompt γ-ray energies and associated k 0-factors have been determined by internal standardization. The resulting catalog contains prompt γ-ray data from neutron capture and other reactions such as (n,α), and decay γ-ray data from short-lived reaction products. Data have been measured for nearly all stable elements, from hydrogen to uranium. Generally, data for several isotopes are given, to enable isotopic analysis as well.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006795827833
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nondestructive Analysis of Metals by PGAA at the Budapest Research Reactor (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 244 (2000), S. 379-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Since 1996 several applications of prompt gamma activation analysis have been performed at the new Budapest PGAA facility. This paper deals with the investigation of metal objects. We report the results of nondestructive detection of H in amorphous metals, multielement analysis of Roman bronze brooches and measurement of silver concentration in Hungarian coins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006791710995
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quality assurance features of “HYPERMET-PC” (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 233 (1998), S. 101-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The γ-ray spectrum analysis code HYPERMET-PC has been significantly upgraded since its introduction in the firstk 0-Users Workshop (1992). Some aspects of the implemented procedures in the new version 5.0, such as the novel approach to handle tandem LFC spectra and the benefit of using ortho-normal polynomials for fitting efficiency curves will be outlined. Having realized the importance of quality assurance in applied γ-ray spectrometry, additional utilities have been incorporated for checking system parameters: nonlinearity, energy resolution, etc. The new Nuclide Identification routine makes the program suitable for qualitative analysis both of NAA and PGAA type.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02389654
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