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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three-dimensional analyses for motions of trapped microparticles in the TRISTAN accumulation ring (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 1475-1477 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Signals of high-energy bremsstrahlung different from previous results of periodic pair signals were observed using a gamma-ray detector during microparticle trapping in the TRISTAN accumulation ring. Therefore, more precise three-dimensional analyses for motions of trapped microparticles around the electron beam were carried out. The analyses nearly coincided with the results of observation. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146877
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analyses for a charged microparticle from an ion pump to trap at low electric field with high enhancement factor (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 3479-3481 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An experiment using a wire simulating an electron beam was carried out in atmosphere to find organic particles (5-μm thickness collected from an ion pump) trapped in a low electric field. It was found that these needlelike charged flakes stood upright at the bottom surface of the beam chamber without applied electric field. In spite of large adhesive action between the particle and the inner chamber surface in air, it was also found that the sample microparticles were trapped at the low electric field of 2525 V/m. Furthermore, the measured charge on the samples ranged from 1×10−13 C to 3×10−13 C. Our new theoretical analyses for the samples show that the electric field acting on the needlelike microparticles is enhanced approximately 104 times from the results of the atmospheric experiment, and that the charged particles in vacuum can be trapped at a lower electric field of 70 V/m in the TRISTAN accumulation ring (time average electric field at the beam current of 30 mA) because of weak adhesion between the particles and an inner chamber surface rather than that in atmosphere. Therefore, microparticle trapping phenomena can be caused by such a charged particle coming from an ion pump or a distributed ion pump used in an electron accelerator.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144526
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Motions of trapped dust particles around the electron beam in the TRISTAN accumulation ring (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 62 (1991), S. 2558-2567 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: High-energy bremsstrahlung synchronized with the electron beam in the TRISTAN accumulation ring was observed accompanied by a sudden decrease in the electron beam lifetime which occurred due to dust trapping in the electron beam. The bremsstrahlung observed with gamma-ray detectors was obviously different from that caused by interactions between residual gases and the electron beam. Other bremsstrahlung observations showed a trapped dust particle passing through the periphery of the electron beam in the bending magnetic field; the transit time through the periphery of the electron beam was 0.15 ms; the half period of the horizontal oscillation perpendicular to the orbit of the electron beam was about 200 ms and the period of the vertical oscillation was 1 s. Simultaneous observation at two adjacent gamma-ray detectors showed that a trapped dust particle in the bending magnetic field moved in a longitudinal direction at the average speed of about 0.191 m/s. These observations coincide with the results based on our newly developed theory for motions of a trapped dust particle in a bending magnetic field. Furthermore, we introduced sample dust particles into the TRISTAN accumulation ring and carried out an experiment to trap the dust particles in the electron beam, in a straight chamber with no magnetic field and observed their motion with a gamma-ray detector. The beam lifetime suddenly decreased when the sample dust particles directly under the electron beam were caught up into the beam. High-energy bremsstrahlung and a pressure rise caused by the destruction of the dust particles were also observed at the same time. After that, beam lifetime recovered gradually. Our theoretical analysis shows that vertical oscillation of a trapped dust particle with no magnetic field continues and that the dust particle is destroyed by the heat deposited by the electron beam in less than a second. The calculated variation in the beam lifetime coincides approximately with the actual variation in the beam lifetime. Compared results of the observations and experiment show that our theory for motions of a trapped dust particle is useful.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1142230
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations of dust trapping phenomena in the TRISTAN accumulation ring and a study of dust removal in a beam chamber (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 62 (1991), S. 874-885 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Using a gamma-ray detector and a television camera system for synchrotron light, high-energy bremsstrahlung and horizontal growth of the synchrotron light source were observed when sudden decrease in the electron-beam lifetime occurred due to dust trapping in the electron beam. Two types of beam current losses were found; one was a continuous beam current loss, and the other was a short-term beam current loss. High-energy bremsstrahlung at a location was observed in a short time and after that, the bremsstrahlung was not detected in spite of the occurrence of dust trapping phenomena. The fact suggests motions of the trapped dust particles in the longitudinal directions. Materials collected in the beam chamber are dust particles from ion pumps and dust particles made during the beam chamber processing for welding. Most of the collected dust particles were less than 2 mm in size and surfaces of some dust particles were melted with the electron beam. Simple analysis was carried out for the conditions necessary for a dust particle to be trapped, for motions of the trapped dust particle, and for interactions between the trapped dust particle and the electron beam. The analysis showed that a dust particle less than 3 mm in size, made of Al, can be trapped and that the trapped dust particle can move in the vertical and longitudinal directions.The analysis also suggested that a dust particle in size of about 2 mm can be continuously trapped around the electron beam without being destroyed by the electron beam. Furthermore, the analysis explained the difference between the two types of beam current losses observed in the ring. Experiments which simulate the electron beam using a Cu wire in an evacuated beam chamber show that a dust particle (less than 70 μm) is trapped sufficiently. The experiments also coincide with theory for an attractive force acting to a conducting small particle. The calculated electric field of the electron beam and the calculated electric charge of dust particles given through the photoelectric effect in the TRISTAN accumulation ring are 100 times and 104–106 times higher than those of the simulated experiments, respectively. In the ring, the attractive force caused with the average electric field and with the expected charge is 10–103 times larger than that of the simulated experiments. Therefore, a dust particle (less than 2 mm) can be trapped sufficiently. An electrostatic dust collector using an electron beam and an electrostatic force are effective in removing all of the sample dust particles in the test chamber for the simulated experiments. A method to remove trapped dust particles using electrostatic electrodes is also discussed. It is expected that such electrodes can be useful for trapped dust particles moving in a longitudinal direction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1142024
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experiments to trap dust particles by a wire simulating an electron beam (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 62 (1991), S. 2568-2571 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Motion of trapped dust particles has been previously analyzed using high-energy bremsstrahlung data obtained during dust trapping in the TRISTAN accumulation ring. Because it is difficult to observe the actual motions of dust particles trapped in an electron beam due to the strong synchrotron light background, we carried out experiments to trap sample dust particles with a Cu wire simulating an electron beam. A negative potential was slowly applied to the wire using a high voltage dc power supply. Motions of dust particles trapped by the wire were recorded with a video camera system. In an experiment using a Cu wire (1.5 mm in diameter) with no magnetic field, the charged dust particle made vertical oscillation about the wire. In another experiment using the same wire but with a vertical magnetic field (0.135 T) simulating a bending magnetic field, both vertical and horizontal oscillating motions perpendicular to the wire were observed. Furthermore, it was found that the dust particle moved in the longitudinal direction of the wire in the bending magnetic field. Therefore, it is expected that charged dust particles trapped by the electric field of the electron beam oscillate vertically where there is no magnetic field in the TRISTAN accumulation ring. It is also expected that trapped dust particles where there is a bending magnetic field oscillate horizontally and vertically as the particle drifts in a longitudinal direction along the ring.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1142231
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of peptidoaminobenzophenone (2-o-chlorobenzoyl-4-chloro-N-methyl-N′-glycylglycinanilide) and its metabolites in human plasma by glass capillary gas chromatography negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry - 1 (1982)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 9 (1982), S. 546-551 
    Details
    ISSN: 0306-042X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A highly sensitive and selective glass capillary gas chromatographic negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometric assay was developed to measure peptidoaminobenzophenone(2-o-chlorobenzoyl-4-chloro-N-methyl-N′-glycylglycinanide) and its metabolites; chlorodiazepam, chlorodesmethyldiazepam and lorazepam in human plasma. As peptidoaminobenzophenone underwent pyrolysis during gas chromatography, it was converted to a thermally stable aminoquinolone. Internal standards for these compounds were the respective deuterium labelled compounds. Calibration curves were prepared for the range of 1-100 ng ml-1. Interference by endogenous substances was negligible in the isobutane negative ion chemical ionization mode in contrast to the electron impact or positive ion chemical ionization mode. This method was used to determine the plasma levels in humans following oral administration of two 5 mg doses.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200091209
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of peptidoaminobenzophenone (2-o-chlorobenzoyl-4-chloro-N-methyl-N′-glycylglycinanilide) and its metabolites in human plasma by capillary gas chromatography negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry  -  2 (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 11 (1984), S. 50-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 0306-042X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The capillary gas chromatographic negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometric assay of peptidoaminobenzophenone (2-o-chlorobenzoyl-4-chloro-N-methyl-N′ -glycylglycinanilide) (1) and its three metabolites in human plasma reported in Part 1 was changed as follows: (1) the reagent gas was changed to ammonia from isobutane; (2) each unlabelled compound (1%) was added to the deuterium-labelled compound used as the internal standard; (3) all samples were injected in the splitless mode; (4) one more metabolite, lormetazepam, was determined; (5) day-to-day reproducibility was checked in the range of 1-50 ng ml-1. Points 1 to 3 improved the preciseness with small-sized samples. Calibration curves were prepared in the range of 0.5-50 ng ml-1. Plasma levels of compound 1 and its four metabolites in 10 volunteers were measured.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200110110
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation grafting of α,β,β-trifluoroethylenesulfonyl fluoride onto low-density polyethylene film by simultaneous irradiation method. I. Kinetic study of simultaneous-irradiation grafting (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 36 (1988), S. 55-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: α,β,β-Trifluoroethylenesulfonyl fluoride (TFESF) was grafted onto polyethylene (PE) film by a simultaneous-irradiation method. The influences of the grafting conditions were analyzed kinetically. The dependencies of the grafting rate on the dose rates and monomer concentrations ranging from 10 to 75% were found to be of 1 and 0 order, respectively. The overall activation energy for the graft polymerization was 2.05 × 104 J/mol. The grafting rate was found to be independent of the film thicknesses ranging from 25 to 100 μm.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1988.070360105
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation grafting of α,β,β-trifluorostyrene onto various polymer films by preirradiation method (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 37 (1989), S. 2165-2168 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1989.070370808
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation grafting of α,β,β-trifluorostyrene onto poly(ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene) film by preirradiation method. II. Properties of cation-exchange membrane obtained by sulfonation and hydrolysis of the grafted film (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 38 (1989), S. 2091-2101 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A Study was made on certain properties of the cation-exchange membranes obtained by the preirradiation grafting of α,β,β-trifluorostyrene (TFS) noto poly(ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE), followed by sulfonation and hydrolysis of the grafted film. Swelling, water uptake, electric conductivity, and transport number of the membranes were measured as a function of ino-exchange capacity. Thermal and chemical stability were also investigated. These properties were found to be mainly dependent on ion-exchange capacity. The stable membrane properties were established due to a homogeneous ion-exchange group distribution in the membrane, as confirmed by x-ray imcroscopy analysis of the membrane cross sections. In addition, the membranes showed good electrochemical, thermal, and chemical properties, and were found to be scceptable for practical use as cation-exchange membranes.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1989.070381111
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