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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of the 7DL.7Ag translocation from Lophopyrum elongatum on wheat yield and related morphophysiological traits under different environments (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 122 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The 7DL.7Ag translocation from Lophopyrum elongatum that carries Lr19, a leaf rust resistance gene, was found to be associated with a significant increase in grain yield under irrigated, disease-free conditions, but a generally lower yield under moisture stress conditions. These studies, however, involved a limited number of genetic recipients and environments, and the effect of the translocation on physiological traits was not considered. We examined the translocation effect in six different recipient genotypes and under five environmental conditions, including drought and heat stress. The increase in grain yield under irrigated conditions was associated with a higher rate of biomass production in the 7DL.7Ag lines and may be attributed to higher sink strength. Effect of the translocation on physiological traits was noted only under heat stress and was not associated with difference in yield. Under moisture stress conditions, 7DL.7Ag lines yielded less than their corresponding recipients, possibly because of a longer growing cycle. It is concluded that the effect of the 7DL. 7Ag translocation may very much depend on the phenological adaptation of the recipient genotype and the translocation may be useful for enhancing yield, mainly under favourable conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2003.00856.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative osmotic adjustments in barley and tetraploid wheats (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 116 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Five barley (Hordeum rulgare L.), five durum wheat (Triticum turgidum concar. durum L.) and one wild emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum conrar dicoccoides) genotypes from different origins and differing for drought tolerance and potential yield, were studied for their osmotic adjustment capacity at the same stage and under similar water stress conditions. Differences for water status parameters between barley and tetraploid wheat genotypes were noted and discussed. The lowest osmotic adjustment capacities were noted in drought susceptible varieties, while a high capacity was found in genotypes exhibiting a high yield stability across contrasting environments. Relative water content, leaf osmotic potential and accumulation of soluble sugars were found to be highly related with osmotic adjustment: they could be used as criteria for a rapid evaluation of osmotic adjustment in segregating populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1997.tb02183.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selection response for carbon isotope discrimination in a Triticum polonicum×T. durum cross: Potential interest for improvement of water efficiency in durum wheat (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 115 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: This study has been conducted to evaluate the usefulness of carbon isotope discrimination (δ) in mature kernels as a criterion for the improvement of water-use efficiency and yield under drought in durum wheat. For this purpose, Triticum durum‘Om Rabi 5’ was crossed with T. polonicum pseudochrysospermum 9 (Tp9) which has been found to be more drought tolerant and to have a lower carbon isotope discrimination value of the grain. The F2 population showed a wide segregation for carbon isotope discrimination. Further, divergent selections (selection of plants most different in carbon isotope discrimination) were made among individual F2 plants, and for carbon isotope discrimination in F3 progenies under field conditions. Selected F3 and F4 progenies were evaluated under field conditions for morphological and agronomical traits. Broad-sense heritability (h2b), response to selection and realized heritability (h2r) were high. The narrow-sense heritability (h2n= 0.37 ± 0.047) indicated that additive and dominance effects were involved in the genetic control of carbon isotope discrimination. Negative correlations were noted between carbon isotope discrimination and grain yield and between carbon isotope discrimination and biomass yield within years and generations. An explanation of this result is attempted by analysing the relationships between carbon isotope discrimination and several phenological and morphological traits influencing the water-use efficiency. The divergent groups selected for low and high carbon isotope discrimination exhibited significant differences for days to heading, plant height, shape of the spike and number of spikelets per spike. Correlations were also found between carbon isotope discrimination and plant height, harvest index, shape of the spike, spike length, and number of spikes per plant. The potential use of carbon isotope discrimination as a criterion for the improvement of water-use efficiency in durum wheat is discussed by considering the genetics of this trait (variability, heritability, response to selection) and also the associations with phenological and morphological traits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1996.tb00926.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grain yield, carbon isotope discrimination, mineral and silicon content in durum wheat under different precipitation regimes (1999)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 107 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Twenty-one durum wheat genotypes originating from different geographic areas were grown during 3 successive years. The trials were characterised by different precipitation regimes. Carbon isotope discrimination (Δ), carbon content (CC) and ash content (ma) were assessed in the flag leaf during anthesis, then in the kernel at full maturity. Differences between the 3 years, due to water availability, were noted for Δ, ma, CC and yield. Genotypic differences were also noted within each year for all the traits studied. Some genotypes from the Middle East exhibited higher flag leaf and kernel Δ than those originating from the West of the Mediterranean basin. The kernel Δ was strongly correlated with grain yield (GY). The leaf Δ correlated with GY only under strong water limitation and with biomass production (BP) in favourable water conditions. For the flag leaf, Δ was correlated with ma and with CC. Silicon content was then assessed in the flag leaf and in the kernel on a subset of 10 genotypes differing in their Δ values. Strong positive correlations were noted between silicon content and Δ and ma for the flag leaf. However, no clear relationship was found between silicon content and GY. The results obtained in this study confirm the validity of kernel Δ as a predictive criterion for GY under water stress and suggest the possible use of kernel ma as an alternative criterion to select genotypes with higher water stress tolerance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.1999.100403.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High molecular weight glutenin subunit in durum wheat (T. durum) (1989)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 78 (1989), S. 353-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Durum wheat ; T. durum ; SDS-PAGE ; Novel subunits ; Glutenin-diversity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The diversity of high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin subunits of 502 varieties of durum wheat (Triticum durum) from 23 countries was studied using sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Twenty-nine types of patterns were observed with 18 mobility bands. A total of 18 alleles were identified by comparing the mobilities of their subunits to those previously found in hexaploid wheat (T. aestivum) and in Triticum turgidum var. dicoccum. Five new alleles were detected: two on the Glu A1 and three on the Glu B1 locus. Comparison of the frequency of alleles in the three species T. aestivum, T. dicoccum and T. durum was investigated. Significant differences exist between each of these species on the basis of the frequency distributions of their three and four common alleles at the Glu A1 and Glu B1 locus, respectively. The Glu B1c allele occuring very frequently in hexaploid wheats was not found in the two tetraploid species. More than 83% of the T. durum analysed were found to have the Glu A1c (null) allele.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265296
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Several QTLs involved in osmotic-adjustment trait variation in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (1998)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 96 (1998), S. 688-698 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Water stress ; Barley ; Osmotic adjustment ; Adaptation ; QTL ; Synteny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Osmotic adjustment (OA) was previously demonstrated to be an important adaptive mechanism of drought tolerance in cereals. In order to determine which genomic regions are involved in OA variation, 187 barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between Tadmor (drought tolerant) and Er/Apm (susceptible) were studied in a growth chamber for their OA capacity (through correlated traits and by calculation), at an early growth stage and under two water treatments (soil moisture of 14% and 100% of field capacity). The continuous distribution of the traits and their broad-sense line heritabilities, ranging from 0.04 to 0.44, indicated that OA and related traits should have a polygenic nature. A subset of 167 RILs were also genotyped using 78 RFLP, 32 RAPD and three morphological markers and a linkage map was constructed. Despite strong environmental effects acting on the traits, interval mapping and single-marker ANOVA allowed the detection of three QTLs for relative water content (RWC), four QTLs for osmotic potential (ψπ), two QTLs of osmotic potential at full turgor (ψπ100) and one QTL for osmotic adjustment at a soil moisture of 14% field capacity. For the irrigated treatment, only two QTLs were detected: one for RWC and one for ψπ100. Two chromosomal regions were involved in several OA-related trait variations and could be considered as regions controlling OA; these were present on chromosome 1 (7H) and chromosome 6 (6H), whereas other regions were specific for one trait. No major QTL was found. However, the genomic region involved in OA-related traits on chromosome 1 (7H) in barley seemed to be conserved for OA variation among cereals. Epistatic effects, with or without additive effects, acted on the traits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050790
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The diversity of drought adaptation in the wide (1996)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 20 (1996), S. 85-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Life on the earth is highly dependent on the properties and functions of water. In front of water limitation, herbaceous, woody and epiphyte plants have developed a wide diversity of drought tolerance mechanisms at the molecular, metabolic and physiological levels. The strategies of adaptation to drought have been listed in regard of the level of organization: molecules, cells, whole plant. Root development and water uptake, transpiration and micro- and macromorphological adaptations, and water status and osmotic adjustment have important consequences on drought adaptation. The relationship between these characters and mechanisms and the productivity of cultivated plants are the basis of the breeding for drought tolerance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024004
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photosynthesis of six barley genotypes as affected by water stress (1997)
    Springer
    Photosynthetica 34 (1997), S. 67-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9058
    Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; net photosynthetic rate ; osmotic adjustment ; osmotic potential ; relative water content ; stomatal conductance ; water potential
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of water stress on plant water status and net photosynthetic gas exchange (PN) in six barley genotypes (Hordeum vulgare L.) differing in productivity and drought tolerance was studied in a controlled growth chamber. Osmotic adjustment (OA), PN, stomatal conductance (gs), and the ratio intercellular/ambient. CO2 concentration (Ci/Ca) were evaluated at four different levels of soil water availability, corresponding to 75, 35, 25 and 15 % of total available water. Variability in OA capacity was observed between genotypes: the drought tolerant genotypes Albacete and Alpha showed higher OA than drought susceptible genotypes Express and Mogador. The genotype Albacete exhibited also higher PN than the others at low water potential (Ψ). The ratios of PN/gs and Ci/Ca showed that differences in photosynthetic inhibition between genotypes at low Ψ were probably due to nonstomatal effects. In Tichedrett, a landrace genotype with a very extensive root development, OA was not observed, however, it exhibited a capacity to maintain its photosynthetic activity under water stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006863801473
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of water deficit on photosynthetic rate and osmotic adjustment in tetraploid wheats (1998)
    Springer
    Photosynthetica 35 (1998), S. 129-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9058
    Keywords: drought tolerance ; durum wheat ; intercellular CO2 concentration ; leaf water status ; Triticum ; water stress ; wild emmer wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Osmotic adjustment, accumulation of soluble saccharides, and photosynthetic gas exchange were studied in five durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) and one wild emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. dicoccoïdes) cultivars of contrasting drought tolerance and yield stability. Soil water contents (SWC) were 100, 31, 20, and 12 % of maximum capillary capacity. Under mild water stress (SWC 31 to 20 %), osmotic adjustment capacity and high accumulation of saccharides were found in cv. Cham1, a high yielding and drought tolerant cultivar, and in var. dicoccoïdes, while lowest values were noted in the durum wheat landraces Oued-Zenati and Jennah-Khotifa. Under more severe water stress (SWC 12 %), the cv. Cham1 maintained higher net photosynthetic rate (PN) than other genotypes. The observed changes in the ratio intercellular/ambient CO2 concentration (ci/ca) indicated that under mild and severe water stress, the decrease in PN was mainly due to stomatal and non-stomatal factors, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006890319282
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