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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: MR imaging ; Radiation myelitis ; Over-irradiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The objective of this work is to report the MRI findings in patients with radiation myelopathy due to accidental local over-irradiation syndrome. Eight patients (seven males and one female) were suffering from over-irradiation syndrome as a result of treatments from a malfunctioning linear electron accelerator. The mean accidental estimated dose was 136 Gy delivered to the “open-neck” (seven cases) and to the thoracic wall (one case), during a mean of 5.4 sessions (range 1–9 sessions). Paresthesia and weakness in the upper extremities were the earliest symptoms (87.5 %), with evolution to paralysis in all patients. No patient is alive (mean survival time 64 days). In all cases MRI was negative for neurologic lesions in the acute phase ( 〈 90 days from irradiation; Radiation Therapy Oncology Group scoring system). Late signs of radiation myelitis manifested as high-intensity signals on T2-weighted images in three patients, and as Gd-DTPA enhancement of T1-weighted images in one case. Autopsies performed on four patients who died in acute phase showed morphologic alterations in white matter: edema in 75 %, and necrosis and glial reaction as well as obliterative vasculitis in all cases. In cases of over-irradiation, MRI may be normal in acute phase even if the patients have severe neurologic deficit, as positive MRI findings appear only in delayed radiation myelitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 10 (1988), S. 571-596 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Si propone un trattamento teorico per i processi di emissione e assorbimento di un fotone di campo debole a frequenza arbitraria ω1 durante un processo di scattering in presenza di un forte campo laser. La formulazione generale della teoria è data in dettaglio relativamente al caso di un elettrone diffuso da un potenziale statico in presenza di due campi di radiazione di intensità arbitraria. La teoria sviluppata, è applicabile anche alla descrizione del processo di bremsstrahlung stimolato. Si presenta un gruppo di risultati ottenuti con una teoria al primo ordine nel potenziale statico, per il caso in cui uno dei due campi è debole. Gli effetti dei due campi sono trattati sempre in modo esatto. I risultati mostrano che la presenza di un forte campo laser è responsabile di numerose importanti modifiche delle caratteristiche dei processi di emissione/assorbimento di un fotone di campo debole. In particolare i) viene alterata drasticamente la distribuzione dell'energia finale degli elettroni; ii) le distribuzioni angolari e le sezioni d'urto totali d'emissione e assorbimento sono modificate fino a divenire largamente simili; iii) quando l'ampiezza della velocità di oscillazionev 0 è approssimativamente uguale alla velocità di incidenzav i , le sezioni d'urto subiscono rapide variazioni, generalmente nel senso della crescita; iv) per intensità piú elevate, quandov 0〉v i , si trova che il campo spettatore riduce sensibilmente le sezioni d'urto, oltre a renderle simili. Di conseguenza, nel dominio delle alte intensità, la questione della prevalenza dell'emissione sopra l'assorbimento perde parte della sua importanza. In generale, il calcolo mostra che le quantità fisiche, che rendono conto del bilancio fra emissione e assorbimento, presentano un andamento oscillatorio, sopra e sotto lo zero, sia come funzioni dell'intensità del campo forte sia come funzioni della frequenza del campo debole.
    Abstract: Резюме Теоретически рассматривается случай, когда излучение или поглощение фотона слабого поля произвольной частоты ω1 в процессе рассеяния происходит в присутствии сильного лазерного поля. Предлагается общая формулировка теории, которая соответствует случаю, когда электрон рассеивается на статическом потенциале в присутствиии двух произволных радиационных полей. Часть теории описывает процесс стимулированного тормозного излучения. Проводятся вычисления в первом порядке по потенциалу рассеяния, когда одно из двух полей является слабым. Влияния двух полей всегда рассматривается точно. Выбранная геометрия соответствует случаю, когда два линейно поляризованных поля являются параллельными первоначальной скорости электрона. Обнаружено, что наличие дополнительнго поля приводит к существенному изменению характеристик излучения (или поглощения) фотона слабого поля. В частности: 1) существенно изменяется конечное энергетическое распределение электрона; 2) изменяются угловые распределения и полные поперечные сечения излучения и поглощения и становатся похожими; 3) когда осцилляторная скоростьv 0 приближенно равна скорости налетающего электронаv i поперечные сечения испытывают сильные изменения; 4) для высоких интенсивостей, когдаv 0〉v i , отмечают значительное уменьшение поперечных сечений. В области высоких интенсивностей важным становится вопрос о том, превалируют ли процессы излучения над процессами поглощения или нет. В общем случае вычисления показывают, что величина, определяющая баланс между излучением и поглощением, обнаруживает сильные осцилляции выше и ниже нуля в зависимости от интенсивности поля или в зависимости от частоты слабого поля.
    Notes: Summary The theoretical treatment is given for the case when the emission or absorption of a weak-fied photon of arbitrary frequency ω1 during a scattering process takes places in the presence of a strong laser field. The general formulation of the theory which is given in detail corresponds more properly to the case when an electron is scattered by a static potential in the presence of two arbitrary radiation fields. Part of theory is expected to cover also the process of the stimulated bremsstrahlung. A selected set of calculations is performed in the first order in the scattering potential for the case when one of the two fields is weak. The effects of the two fields are always treated exactly. The chosen geometry is the parallel one, in which the two linearly polarized fields are parallel to the initial electron velocity. The presence of a strong assisting field is found to yield several significant modification of the characteristics of emission/absorption of a weak-field photon. In paritcular, i) the final electron energy distribution is drastically altered; ii) angular distributions and total cross-sections of emission and absorption are modified up to become largely similar; iii) when the oscillatory velocityv 0 is approximately equal to the incoming velocityv i, the cross-sections experience rapid variations, generally in the sense of the growth; iv) for higher intensities, whenv 0〉v i the strong field is found instead to dump considerably all the cross-sections, besides making emission and absorption similar. Accordingly, in the high-intensity domain, the question whether or not emissions prevail over absorptions looses part of its importance. In general, calculation shows that the quantities, accounting for the balance between emission and absorption, exhibit strong oscillations above and below zero either as a function of the strong-field intensity or as a function of the weak-field frequency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 7 (1986), S. 389-411 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Multiphoton processes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Резюме Исследуется проблема рассеяния заряженных частиц в присутствии сильных лазерных полей, причем эффект поля учитывается точно, во всех порядках. Рассматриваются две модели лазерного поля: 1) модель чисто когерентного поля; 2) модель поля с хорошо стабилизированной амплитудой и флуктуирующей фазой. Численно определяются поперечные сечения рассеяния для некоторых значений параметров проблемы. Исследуется зависимость дифференциальных и полных сечений рассеяния от углов рассеяния, падающей энергии, когерентности и интенсивности поля и числа обменных фотонов. Получено, что в рамках модели стабилизированной амплитуды и флуктуирующей фазы полные поперечные сечения почти на два порядка превышают соответствующие поперечные сечения для модели чисто когерентного поля. Отмечается необходимость дополнительных экспериментов. Из проведенного точного анализа лазерного поля следует, что свойства когерентности лазерного поля также должны рассматриваться точно, по крайней мере, в рамках данных лазерных моделей.
    Notes: Summary The problem of charged-particle scattering in the presence of strong laser fields is investigated within a treatment in which the effect of the assisting field is included exactly, to all orders. Two laser field models are considered: 1) the model of a purely coherent field and 2) that of a field with well-stabilized amplitude and fluctuating phase (phase diffusion model, PDM). The scattering cross-sections are numerically investigated for selected but representative values of the parameters of the problem. Differential and total cross-sections are evaluated as functions of the scattering angles, the incident energy, the field coherence and intensity and the number of exchanged photons. The band width of the PDM field is found to affect significantly the scattering parameters, especially in the case of differential cross-sections and of high intensities. As compared to the purely monochromatic (SM) field, the PDM field is found to exhibit oscillations of smaller amplitudes with a tendency to a smooth behaviour with increasing band width, photon multiplicity and intensity. The PDM cross-sections are generally slightly larger than the SM ones. For the first time are reported calculations of the total cross-sectionsvs. the intensity with a sufficiently large density of points to resolve accurately the oscillatory structure of the high-intensity portion of the cross-sections. A consequence ensuing from the exact treatment of the laser field is that the field coherence properties too are treated exactly, at least within the given laser models, and it is expected to be of importance beyond the particular problem treated here, especially when nonresonant processes are concerned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    USA/Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Cephalalgia 14 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-2982
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A 70-year-old man complained of two distinct types of unilateral headache during the past fifteen years. When the illness began, the pain was intermittent and short-lasting. In successive years, the crises appeared in clusters and lasted weeks to months. At present, the pain occurs daily, and is located on the right side, from the forehead supraorbitally to the temporal region. Some attacks last 30 sec and are accompanied by tearing, conjunctival injection, rhinorrhea and a subjective need to micturate. Other headaches last 1/2-1 h and are occasionally accompanied by local ipsilateral dysautonomic symptoms. Attacks of pain are provoked by movements of the trunk and neck. A vascular malformation in the right cerebellopontine angle was demonstrated on cranial CT and MRI, and by angiography.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 740 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 200 (1994), S. 489-496 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physica C: Superconductivity and its applications 235-240 (1994), S. 1611-1612 
    ISSN: 0921-4534
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physica C: Superconductivity and its applications 166 (1990), S. 15-18 
    ISSN: 0921-4534
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physica B: Physics of Condensed Matter 169 (1991), S. 705-706 
    ISSN: 0921-4526
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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