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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The plasma condensation: Liquid and crystalline plasmas : The 40th annual meeting of the division of plasma physics of the american physical society (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 6 (1999), S. 1769-1780 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Colloidal plasmas may "condense" under certain conditions into liquid and crystalline states, while retaining their essential plasma properties. This "plasma condensation" therefore leads to new states of matter: "liquid plasmas" and "plasma crystals." The experimental discovery was first reported in 1994, and since then many researchers have begun to investigate the properties of condensed plasma states. In this paper we describe some of the basic physics required to understand colloidal plasmas and discuss experiments conducted to investigate the details of the interaction between the plasma particles (in particular, the interaction potential), the melting phase transition, and the thermodynamics of this new state of matter. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873435
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amplitude modulation of dust-lattice waves in a plasma crystal (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 5 (1998), S. 2578-2581 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: It is found that the nonlinear dynamics of amplitude-modulated dispersive dust lattice waves (DLW) is governed by a nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The latter exhibits that a constant amplitude carrier dust lattice wave is modulationally stable, and that the modulated DLW packet propagates in the form of either an envelope dark soliton or an envelope shock. The relevance of our theoretical investigation to simulation studies as well as to a laboratory dusty plasma experiment is pointed out. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872943
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dust diffusion across a magnetic field due to random charge fluctuations (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 9 (2002), S. 619-623 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Dust particle diffusion across a magnetic field due to random charge fluctuations is reconsidered. Previously it was suggested that this mechanism could be one of the most effective processes which transport particles in the inner Jovian magnetosphere [G. E. Morfill, E. Grün, and T. V. Johnson, Planet Space Sci. 28, 1087 (1980)]. A general expression for the diffusion constant is derived using the stochastic equation of dust particle motion and known properties of random charge fluctuations. The dependence of the diffusion constant on magnetic-field strength and fluctuation amplitude is discussed. Numerical evaluation for conditions typical for the inner Jovian magnetosphere is presented. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1431248
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electromagnetic angular momentum transport in Saturn's rings (1986)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 320 (1986), S. 141-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The temporal evolution of Saturn's rings is believed to be primarily determined by the angular momentum transport as a consequence of collisions between the differentially rotating ring particles2. In addition, mass erosion effects, meteor impacts, resonances with satellites and moonlets and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/320141a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray haloes around supernova remnants (1984)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 311 (1984), S. 358-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The radio synchrotron emission from supernova remnants is clear evidence that they contain relativistic electrons ; it is widely believed that they are also the major source for the galactic cosmic-ray nuclon component, but so far there has been no direct observational evidence for this. Cosmic-ray ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/311358a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interstellar shock waves and 10 Be from ice cores (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 330 (1987), S. 458-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Steep and relatively brief increases in the concentration of 10Be are noted in ice cores from both the Vostok and the Dome C Antarctic drilling sites. Two major variations (increases) are found at -33 and 60 kyr1 BP (before present), using the time/ice-thickness model of Lorius et al.6. The ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/330458a0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Constraints from Galileo observations on the origin of jovian dust streams (1996)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 381 (1996), S. 395-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Galileo was launched in 1989, and followed a looping trajectory through the Solar System that brought it to Jupiter on 7 December 1995. The Galileo dust detector6, like its twin aboard Ulysses7, is an impact ionization detector which detects the plasma cloud released when a dust grain strikes its ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/381395a0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discovery of Jovian dust streams and interstellar grains by the Ulysses spacecraft (1993)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 362 (1993), S. 428-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] FIG. 1 Ulysses trajectory and geometry of dust detectioná-oblique view from above the ecliptic plane also showing the Sun and the orbits of Earth and Jupiter (in the foreground). Arrows indicate the flow of interstellar dust. The trajectory of Ulysses1 after Jupiter closest approach (CA) is ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/362428a0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cosmic ray diffusion at energies of 1 MeV to 105 GeV (1994)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 216 (1994), S. 223-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A supernova remnant accelerates cosmic rays to energies somewhat above 105 GeV by the time that the free expansion phase of its evolution has come to an end. As the remnant's outer shock slows, these highest energy cosmic rays diffuse away from the shock along a magnetic flux tube with a radius comparable to that of the remnant at the end of its free expansion phase and which eventually (over a distance of the order of a kiloparsec) bends into the Galactic halo. A similarity solution exists for the temporal and spatial variations, in such a tube, of both the number density for these ∼ 105 GeV cosmic rays and the energy density of the waves on which they resonantly scatter. Wave-wave interactions probably do not dominate the evolution of the energy density of these lowest frequency waves, but we assume that they do establish a Kraichnan wave spectrum at higher wavenumber. Although we cannot rigorously justify this assumption, it does receive some support from the analysis of pulsar signals. There is a large body of observations to which such a model can be applied, yielding constraints that must be met. With the model that we develop here we obtain the following results: 1. The local intensity of ∼ 105 GeV cosmic rays implies that the flux tube which currently surrounds the Solar System last contained a remnant in the free expansion phase several times 107 years ago. We comment on the rough agreement between this age and that inferred from Be10 data. 2. The theoretical value of the cosmic ray diffusion coefficient at ∼ 1 GeV in the tube corresponding to that time is in harmony with the value of the diffusion coefficient inferred from cosmic ray composition and synchrotron measurements. In the light of our inhomogeneous cosmic ray acceleration/propagation model we re-examine our earlier work on the evidence for second order acceleration in a very old remnant. Such evidence is provided by the molecular compositions along several lines of sight to the Perseus OB2 association. We find as a third significant result that the model value of the diffusion coefficient at energies in the range of 1 MeV agrees within about an order of magnitude with that which we infer from the molecular data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00982498
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contribution to the background rate of a satellite X-ray detector by spallation products in a caesium iodide crystal (1971)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 14 (1971), S. 243-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The energy spectra observed in a CsI crystal in the 20 keV-2 MeV range, due to the decay of radioactive isotopes produced in the crystal by bombardment with 155 MeV protons, are presented as a function of time after irradiation. It is shown that the large number of decay products produced by spallation can account for these spectra and that these spectra are in quantitative agreement with the predictions of a semi-empirical formula due to Rudstam, which gives the numbers of different isotopes produced. This formula is used to predict the spallation that would occur in such a crystal on board a satellite due to cosmic rays and passages through the South Atlantic Anomaly. Inspection shows that the spallation produced in the latter case is well approximated by that at 155 MeV. Hence the experimental results are used to explain previously observed background rates and to predict the background rates that would occur in the U.K.5 X-ray telescope of Imperial College. Using the Rudstam formula an estimate of cosmic ray induced background is also made. The relative importance of activity resulting from neutron interactions (atmospheric albedo and spacecraft secondaries) is considered. It is suggested that the Rudstam formula provides a general method of predicting induced radio-activity in satellite materials and that observed breaks in the diffuse cosmic X-ray spectrum could be due to inadequate allowance for this source of background.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00649205
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