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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface and interfacial tensions and their combined properties in seven binary, immiscible liquid-liquid-vapor systems (1984)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of chemical & engineering data 29 (1984), S. 407-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5134
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je00038a012
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical interferometry for measuring instantaneous thickness of transparent solid and liquid films (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 2018-2022 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An optical-interference method is proposed which enables measurements of instantaneous, uniform thickness of the order of 10 μm–1 mm of transparent (or weakly absorbing) solid materials or liquids. It uses a converging lens set by its focal length separated from the subject film. The lens turns parallel, monochromatic, coherent rays in an expanded laser beam into converging rays propagating as spherical waves toward the subject film. The rays reflected at the front and rear surfaces of the film pass again through the lens to be retransformed from the spherical waves into the plane waves, and form interference fringes on a screen. Knowing the number of fringes provided by the rays which are incident on the subject film at angles between two specified angles, we can readily calculate the thickness of the film. A prototype apparatus based on this method has been constructed and used successfully in measuring the thicknesses of both solid and liquid films.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140018
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical method for measuring uniform thickness of the order of 10 μm–1 mm of transparent solid and liquid films (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 58 (1987), S. 1860-1864 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An optical-interference method is proposed for measuring the thickness of "fairly thick'' films of transparent (or weakly absorbing) solid materials or liquids. It uses a laser beam with an incident angle, on the subject film, changing with time, causing an alternation of constructive and destructive interferences of beams reflected, respectively, at upper and lower surfaces of the film. The total irradiance of the beams interfering with each other is continuously detected and recorded. From the number of periodical changes of the irradiance during the change of the incident angle over a specified range we can readily calculate the thickness of the film. A simple apparatus has been designed and constructed to realize this method. It has been shown that the method is applicable to measurements of thicknesses of both solid and liquid films, provided the films are kept stationary enough.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139533
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formulation of the Harkins-Brown correction factor for drop-volume description (1993)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry research 32 (1993), S. 2950-2952 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie00023a070
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Boiling of superheated fluorocarbon drops in water. Effect of clathrate-hydrate shells encapsulating drops (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 8 (1996), S. 2558-2560 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This communication briefly describes a high-speed videographic study on boiling of drops of a liquid fluorocarbon (HFC-134a; CF3CH2F) moderately superheated in a water pool. Each drop is either encapsulated by, or free from, a solid clathrate-hydrate phase, which can form at the fluorocarbon/water interface under particular thermodynamic conditions. The present study shows that such a hydrate phase over a drop causes multibubble nucleation in the drop, thereby making the succeeding boiling process far more vigorous than it would proceed in the absence of the hydrate phase. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.869039
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface tensiometer utilizing laser-beam reflection at cylindrical liquid menisci (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 64 (1993), S. 1324-1329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A surface tensiometer has been devised which is based on the mathematical solution, as a function of the surface tension of a liquid, of the profile of a cylindrical meniscus formed against a flat plate brought into contact with the free surface of a quiescent pool of the liquid. Only the angles of inclination of the meniscus at two arbitrary points are to be actually measured; the angle at each point is known accurately by observing the angle of reflection of a laser beam vertically irradiated onto the point. No knowledge of the contact angle on the plate is required. The tensiometer is suitable for the study of surface adsorption or of insoluble monolayers just the same as in the Wilhelmy plate method, but it is still superior to the Wilhelmy plate tensiometers and other conventional surface balances in its applicability to the measurements in an atmosphere completely insulated from the laboratory air. An apparatus is demonstrated that has been constructed primarily for the measurements of surface tensions of aqueous lithium bromide (LiBr) solutions with higher alcohol additives, i.e., working fluids of absorption heat pumps, under reduced pressures and elevated temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144087
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vaporization of a liquid injected into an immiscible liquid through a single nozzle (1975)
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 8 (1975), S. 249-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Verdampfung und Strömungsverhalten von n-Pentan, das in einer Einzeldüse in eine Säule aus heißem Wasser eingespritzt wird, ist in dieser Arbeit photographisch untersucht. Unterkühlung am Düsenaustritt hatte großen Einfluß auf die kritische Temperaturdifferenz, oberhalb derer Verdampfung stattfindet. Die Strahllänge nimmt bei Verdampfung stark ab, die Tropfengröße wird wenig beeinflußt. Die besondere Bedingung, daß aus jedem Tropfen eine Blase hervorgeht, ist in weitem Bereich eines Diagrammes erfüllt, in dem die treibende Temperaturdifferenz über der Strahlgeschwindigkeit aufgetragen ist (Bild 9).
    Notes: Abstract The basic characteristics of vaporization and flowing behavior of n-pentane injected through a single nozzle into a column of hot water have been studied photographically. Subcools at the nozzle-outlet have a strong influence on the critical temperature driving forces at over which vaporization can be maintained. The length of a Rayleigh jet is remarkably shortened when vaporization occurs, whereas mean diameters of drops are little affected whether vaporization occurs or not. A specific condition that a bubble appears in each drop is satisfied not on a specific line but over a wide region on the ΔT∞ - UN plane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01002153
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation of gas hydrate with CFC alternative R-134a (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1227-1228 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350724
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Drop interactions in electrostatic liquid-liquid contactors (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 311-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380219
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strings of liquid beads for gas-liquid contact operations (1994)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 40 (1994), S. 1983-1992 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A novel device for gas-liquid contact operations is proposed to feed a liquid onto wires (or threads) hanging down in a gas stream is proposed. The liquid disintegrates into beads strung on each wire at regular intervals; if the wire is moderately wettable, a thin film forms to sheathe the wire, thereby interconnecting the beads. Since the beads fall down slowly, which possibly renews the film flowing down even more slowly a sufficient gas-liquid contact time is available even in a contactor with considerably limited height. An approximate calculation method is developed for predicting the variation in the temperature effectiveness for the liquid (the fractional approach of the liquid exit temperature to the gas inlet temperature) with the falling distance, assuming an applicability of strings-of-beads contactors to thermal energy recovery from hot gas streams.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690401209
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