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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deepoxynivalenol: a new metabolite of nivalenol found in the excreta of orally administered rats (1989)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 37 (1989), S. 478-481 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5118
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00086a045
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decrease in the mechanical strength of bones of rats administered cadmium (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 63 (1989), S. 320-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Cadmium ; Rat ; Mechanical strength of bones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The mechanical properties of the bones of young, adult and old rats administered various concentrations of cadmium were measured to prove the direct effect of cadmium on the bones of young rats. The young rats were divided into three subgroups, which were administered 0 (control), 5 and 10 ppm cadmium, respectively. The adult rats were subdivided into six groups, administered 0, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 ppm cadmium, respectively. The old rats were divided into three subgroups, which were administered 0, 80, and 160 ppm cadmium, respectively. The length of the administration was 4 weeks in every group. The decrease in the mechanical strengths of bones of young rats administered with cadmium was observed. On the other hand, no change in mechanical strength of bones was observed in the case of adult and old rats, administered up to 160 ppm cadmium. The correlation between the cadmium in bones and the decrease in the strength of the bone shows that cadmium directly affects the mechanical properties of bones of young rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00278646
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative effect of cadmium on osteoblastic cells and osteoclastic cells (1993)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 67 (1993), S. 352-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Cadmium ; Osteoclasts ; Osteoblasts ; Bone and bones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cadmium(Cd) has been thought to disturb the bone metabolism directly. The mechanism for the bone lesion is unknown, however. To examine the effects of cadmium on bone metabolism, we compared its effects on osteoblasts and osteoclasts in vitro. We used an established cell line, MC3T3-E1, as osteoblasts and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP)-positive multi-nucleated cells (MNC) formed by a bone marrow culture system as osteoclasts. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was decreased by 10−7 M Cd and DNA content and hydroxyproline content of osteoblastic cells were decreased by 10−5 M Cd. Cadmium at 10−7 M inhibited the osteoclastic cell formation from mouse bone marrow in the presence of 10−8 M 1α,25(OH)2 vitamin D3. A 100-fold higher concentration of zinc(Zn) simultaneously added to the cadmium-containing medium prevented the toxicity of cadmium to osteoclastic cells as observed in the culture of osteoblastic cells. These results indicate that both bone formation and bone resorption are inhibited by cadmium. The responses of osteoclasts and osteoblasts to cadmium in this culture system were the same and the responses of cadmium-damaged osteoblasts and osteoclasts to zinc were also similar. These results suggest that another mechanism by which cadmium could cause bone damage should be considered in addition to the specific induction of osteoclastic cells by Cd.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01973707
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decrease in bone strength of cadmium-treated young and old rats (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 66 (1992), S. 315-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Cadmium ; Rat ; Bone ; Long-term administration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A decrease in mechanical strength of bones was observed both in young and old rats for long periods of administration of cadmium. Young (3-week-old) female rats were given 0 (control), 5 and 10 ppm cadmium in drinking water, respectively, for 20 weeks. Old (18-month old) female rats were given 0 (control) and 40 ppm cadmium in drinking water, respectively, for 7 months. The compression strengths of bones of young rats which were given 10 ppm cadmium, and those of old rats which were given 40 ppm cadmium, significantly decreased at the distal end portion of femur. Cadmium contents in bones in the 10 ppm and 40 ppm groups were about 110 and 210 ng/g dry weight, respectively. The present result confirmed that cadmium has a lesional effect on the mechanical strength of bone at the concentration of 100–200 ng/g in dry weight of bone, for both young and old rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01973625
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biochemical and histological sequences of membranous ossification in ectopic site (1992)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 50 (1992), S. 184-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone gla protein ; Alkaline phosphatase ; Membranous ossification ; Hydroxyapatite ; Osteogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Porous hydroxyapatite ceramics alone (control) and ceramics combined with rat marrow cells were implanted subcutaneously in the back of syngeneic rats and harvested 1–8 weeks after implantation. The ceramics were examined biochemically and histologically. Alkaline phosphatase activity in the marrow cell/ceramic composites began to increase at 2 weeks and achieved a peak at 4 weeks, followed by a gradual decrease. Bone gla protein contents in the composites began to increase at 3 weeks and steadily increased as time passed. Histologically, osteoblastic cells were detected at 2 weeks and obvious de novo bone together with active osteoblasts began to appear at 3 weeks in the composites. The process was membranous ossification without cartilage formation and was observed in the pores of the composites. The pore areas occupied by bone increased as time passed. In contrast, ceramics alone did not show any bone formation and contained traces of these biochemical parameters. These results indicated that the biochemical sequences correlate with the histological sequences in the heterotopic membranous ossification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00298798
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hearing of forest workers with vibration-induced white finger: a fiveyear follow-up (1989)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 61 (1989), S. 437-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Combined exposure ; Noise and vibration ; Hearing loss ; Susceptibility to noise ; Sympathetic nervous system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To examine the association between vibration-induced white finger (VWF) and hearing loss, 108 male forest workers who regularly used vibrating tools were followed up for five years. Case-control pairs matched for initial age and hearing level and exposure time to noise during the study period were selected from men with and without VWF. The hearing levels significantly worsened during the follow-up period at 2, 4 and 8 kHz in the affected cases but only at 8 kHz in the controls. Since threshold shift at 4 kHz, which is a typical effect of noise exposure, was significant only in the affected cases, it is suggested that the hearing of people with VWF was more vulnerable to noise. A pathological change causing VWF might also increase the susceptibility of hearing to noise damage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00386476
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