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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 93 (1990), S. 7314-7320 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We developed a method of analysis of nonequilibrium steady states of chemical reaction system. The analysis is applied to systems of Michaelis–Menten type reactions. We focus our attention on the consequence of the quasi-steady-state approximation to the rate of entropy production. Under separation of time scale, the description of the complete kinetic system can be contracted to slow variables. We find that the resulting rate of entropy production can be written in a new and revealing way consisting of steady-state contribution, intermediate species-specific affinity production, and channel-mixing entropy terms. The species-specific term in entropy production is in the canonical form so that a thermodynamiclike description of far-from-equilibrium steady state becomes possible. Under the quasi-steady-state approximation, we find the rate of entropy production is first order. This applies also to more complicated models. Finally, we discuss the implications in stochastic fluctuations of the free energy of the system. The Michaelis–Menten type of reactions considered in this paper do not show the possibility in gains of power from fluctuating external environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 101 (1994), S. 2302-2308 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Direct molecular dynamics computation of the absolute entropy for simple point charge model water and ice have been carried out by adiabatic switching processes. A theoretical analysis shows that the average energy for nonadiabatic switching is always larger than the adiabatic energy. Due to the energy dissipation the deviation in entropy is positive for finite rate of switching. Two switching functions are used to examine the computational convergence and accuracy. Also, two reference integrable systems, ideal gas and ideal solid, are proposed as ends of the adiabatic switching. A proper reference system and efficient switching path are necessary for accurate computation of absolute entropy. Systematic and statistical errors of the results are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 100 (1994), S. 2202-2212 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Molecular dynamics simulations have been carried out for sinple point charge (SPC) water, in normal, compressed, and stretched states. A detailed analysis of local structures using both pair correlation and Voronoi polyhedra distribution, which describes the information about the multiparticle distribution, was reported. We examine the oxygen–oxygen pair correlation function and the distributions of Voronoi polyhedra in response to the variation of density and temperature. The asphericity distributions of Voronoi polyhedra reveals the anisotropicity of local arrangements of water molecules. It is found local pair distributions depend on the asphericities of center molecules. A high value of the asphericity parameter η corresponds to an icelike local structure of tetrahedrally bonded network patch. Loosely bonded structures, with low value of asphericity, have much less hydrogen bonding, and they are more susceptible to density fluctuation. Partition of local structures according to the asphericity of Voronoi polyhedra gives different pair correlation functions which give an identical set of isosbestic points. It is proposed that the Voronoi polyhedra analysis of configurations can be explained by a two-states patch model of water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 83 (1985), S. 4554-4561 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A three variable thermokinetic model of ignition is devised to describe the gas-phase oxidation of hydrocarbons in CSTR. For a single set of thermokinetic parameters, the model displays steady states, bistability, cool flame oscillation, simple ignition oscillation, and complex ignition-cool flame oscillations, when the reactant pressure P and vessel temperature T0 are varied as control parameters. The predicted P-T0 state diagram compares fairly well with the experimental finding for the system of acetaldehyde/oxygen. The model also predicts interesting bifurcation sequences of complex periodic states. The proposed skeleton model is justified qualitatively by considering detailed kinetics in the oxidation of acetaldehyde.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 97 (1993), S. 11575-11577 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 99 (1995), S. 14907-14910 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 101 (1994), S. 5910-5918 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We report a new method for fixed-node diffusion quantum Monte Carlo calculation in order to improve the time step-size convergence and the fluctuation problems associated with nodes of wave functions. It adopts floating spherical Gaussian orbitals instead of Slater-type orbitals to guide random walkers (psips). They establish harmonic velocity fields under which psips undergo random walks which are simulated exactly according to the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process. The nodes of this guiding function are used to guide psips in a novel way; as psips approach to a node, they are swept away therefrom. Explicit enforcement of a sink boundary condition is avoided to some extent, and the behavior of the random walks near nodes is efficiently simulated. The method is illustrated by applying to the ground-state energies of H2, LiH, and HF. The results are excellent compared to previous calculations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 94 (1990), S. 2889-2896 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 84 (1986), S. 7011-7017 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We present a stochastic theory of entropy production for steady states in chemical reaction systems. Small scale internal fluctuations around steady states are considered in the Gaussian regime. It is shown that in addition to the usual Gibbsian form of entropy production, there is an entropy production due to fluctuation which is of order O(V0). This comes from the non-Poisson character of the probability distribution in a nonequilibrium system. Two approaches are considered: in the first, we use an entropy balance equation based on the master equation; in the second, we use a stochastic potential related to the probability distribution and built from the generalized Einstein relation. We show that both approaches give the same result for the entropy production of fluctuation (diS/dt) f . Next we consider a simple one-component nonequilibrium system under the perturbation of a macroscopically large external fluctuation as a power generator. We interpret (diS/dt) f in terms of net power gain factor under random external fluctuations in the spirit of a generalized "fluctuation–dissipation'' theorem. It is shown that positive power gain is possible only for system staying far enough from equilibrium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 90 (1986), S. 2418-2421 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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