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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Larval recruitment in response to manipulated field flows (1993)
    Springer
    Marine biology 116 (1993), S. 667-683 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Settlement responses to boundary-layer flow of several invertebrate taxa, including the hydroid Tubularia crocea, the bryozoans Bugula turrita and Schizoporella unicornis, and the tube-building polychaete Hydroides dianthus were studied in manipulated field flows in Great Harbor, Massachusetts, USA. During three experiments in 1989 and two in 1990, densities of newly-recruited larvae were measured on flat plates, whose flow regimes had been manipulated by altering the leading-edge configurations. Settlement responses to flow were strongly species-specific, with T. crocea preferring regions of both high turbulence and strong shear stress, and S. unicornis settling a most exclusively in regions of high shear stress. B. turrita settled most prominently in regions of reduced shear stress, exhibiting settlement patterns that closely approximated predictions from a model of passive particle contact. H. dianthus showed a moderate avoidance of regions with high shear stress. These results indicate that boundary-layer flows affect settlement of several common encrusting species, a probable consequence of larval behaviors such as substrate rejection or exploration in response to flow. These responses are likely to generate patchiness during initial colonization of natural habitats, and certainly affect colonization of settlement panels commonly used in marine ecological studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00355484
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Larvae of benthic invertebrates in hydrothermal vent plumes over Juan de Fuca Ridge (1995)
    Springer
    Marine biology 122 (1995), S. 585-596 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Larvae of benthic invertebrates collected in the water column above Juan de Fuca Ridge show distinct variations in abundance and composition in, and away from, the neutrally-buoyant hydrothermal plume emanating from underlying vents. Larvae of vent gastropods (Lepetodrilus sp. and two peltospirid species) occur in significantly higher abundances in the plume than away from it (mean abundance=21.0 individuals 1000 m−3 vs 1.4 individuals 1000 m−3), and larvae of vent bivalves (Calyptogena? sp.) occur exclusively in the plume (mean abundance=0.5 individuals 1000 m−3). Larvae from other benthic taxa known not to be endemic to Juan de Fuca vent communities, such as anthozoans, pholad clams, bryozoans and echinoderms, are less abundant in the plume than away (mean abundance=47.5 vs 16.9 individuals 1000 m−3) at comparable depths and heights above the bottom. These results support the hypothesis that larvae of vent species are entrained into buoyant hydrothermal plumes and transported at the level of lateral spreading several hundred meters above the seafloor. The discovery of vent-associated larvae in the plume suggests that models used to predict hydrodynamic processes in the plume will also be useful for modeling larval dispersal. Advanced imaging and new molecular-based approaches will be required to resolve taxonomic uncertainties in some larval groups (e.g. certain polychaete families) in order to distinguish vent species and make comprehensive flux estimates of all vent larvae in the neutrally-buoyant plume.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00350680
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Initial contact, exploration and attachment of barnacle (Balanus amphitrite) cyprids settling in flow (1991)
    Springer
    Marine biology 110 (1991), S. 93-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Settlement responses of barnacle (Balanus amphitrite) cyprids to boundary-layer flows were examined in laboratory flume-experiments. The leading-edge configuration of flat plates was altered in order to manipulate flows without changing surface topography or freestream velocity. Settlement along the plates correlated strongly with downstream gradients in shear stress. Analyses of video images taken during the experiments indicate that cyprids first contact plates in regions where plate-ward advection is high, and subsequent exploratory movement along the plate is oriented with flow direction at the plate surface. After exploration, cyprids reject a surface more frequently in a fast flow (10 cm s−1 freestream velocity) than in a slow flow (5 cm s−1), but rejection occurs in shear stresses well below the threshold that would prevent attachment and exploration. A higher rejection rate does not result in lower settlement, however, since contact rate is higher in fast than slow flows. The movement of cyprids in flow thus appears to be a passive transport process during the initial contact stage of settlement, but an active behavioral response to flow direction and shear stress during later stages of exploration and attachment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01313096
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sea-bird aggregation at a deep North Pacific seamount (1995)
    Springer
    Marine biology 123 (1995), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract During June 1991, we studied sea birds at a mid-ocean seamount (Fieberling Guyot) in the eastern North Pacific Ocean. Avifaunal composition changed from small Procellariiformes [a storm-petrel; Oceanodroma leucorhoa (Vieillot)] away from the seamount to an assemblage dominated by larger tubenoses [mostly black-footed albatross Diomedea nigripes Audubon and Cook's petrel Pterodroma cookii (Gray)]. Compared to adjacent waters, sea-bird density and biomass within a 30-km radius centered on the seamount summit were 2.4 and 8 times higher, respectively. Individual sea-bird taxa were 2 to 40 times more abundant at the seamount relative to values reported previously from large-scale surveys of deep-ocean regions in the central North Pacific. In September 1991 we studied potential prey of sea birds in the upper water column using a neuston net and multiple opening-closing net system (MOCNESS) tows. Most potential prey types in the neuston exhibited no significant enhancement over the seamount. MOCNESS samples at 10 m depth, however, showed several prey types to be more abundant over the seamount, and the dominant size class of fish was slightly larger. We attribute the sea-bird aggregation observed at this seamount to changes in the abundance and/or behavior of pelagic organisms in the deep scattering layer (not adequately sampled in this study), perhaps augmented by migrations of seamount residents into the surface layers. Processes on and in the vicinity of seamounts may provide spatially-predictable prey to wide-ranging aerial sea birds foraging in this relatively austere environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00350317
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of archaeogastropod larvae from a hydrothermal vent community (1996)
    Springer
    Marine biology 124 (1996), S. 551-560 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Dispersal is essential in order that endemic species living in ephemeral, patchy vent environments may persist over evolutionary time. Quantitative field studies of larval dispersal, however, require specieslevel identification of the larval forms because each individual must be distinguished from related vent species, and from non-vent species living in the surrounding deep-sea environment. Methods for culturing these larvae to an identifiable stage have not yet been developed. To solve the larval identification problem for the archaeogastropod molluscs (a prominent component of vent communities), we used a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to image shells of larvae collected in the water column near vents along the East Pacific Rise (9°40′ to 9°50′N; 104°W). Larval shell size, shape and ornamentation were compared to protoconchs retained in juvenile or adult shells of identified species, and used to assign five larval groups unequivocally to species (Cyathermia naticoides Warén and Bouchet, 1989; Neomphalus fretterae McLean, 1981; Clypeosectus delectus McLean, 1989; Rhynchopelta concentrica McLean, 1989; and Lirapex granularis Warén and Bouchet, 1989) and seven groups tentatively to species or genus [Lepetodrilus spp. (three groups); Gorgoleptis sp; Peltospira ?operculata McLean, 1989; and ?Melanodrymia sp. (two groups)].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00351036
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tubeworm succession at hydrothermal vents: use of biogenic cues to reduce habitat selection error? (2000)
    Springer
    Oecologia 123 (2000), S. 275-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Key words Deep-sea ecology ; Hydrothermal vent ; Riftia pachyptila ; Succession ; Tevnia jerichonana
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Species colonizing new deep-sea hydrothermal vents along the East Pacific Rise show a distinct successional sequence: pioneer assemblages dominated by the vestimentiferan tubeworm Tevnia jerichonana being subsequently invaded by another vestimentiferan Riftia pachyptila, and eventually the mussel Bathymodiolus thermophilus. Using a manipulative approach modified from shallow-water ecological studies, we test three alternative hypotheses to explain the initial colonization by T. jerichonana and its subsequent replacement by R. pachyptila. We show that R. pachyptila and another vestimentiferan, Oasisia alvinae, colonized new surfaces only if the surfaces also were colonized by T. jerichonana. This pattern does not appear to be due to restricted habitat tolerances or inferior dispersal capabilities of R. pachyptila and O. alvinae, and we argue the alternative explanation that T. jerichonana facilitates the settlement of the other two species and is eventually outcompeted by R. pachyptila. Unlike the classic model of community succession, in which facilitating species promote their own demise by modifying the environment to make it more hospitable for competitors, we suggest that T. jerichonana may produce a chemical substance that induces settlement of these competitors. This process of selecting habitat based on biogenic cues may be especially adaptive and widespread among later-successional species that occupy a physically variable and unpredictable environment. In these cases, the presence of weedy species implies some integrated period of environmental suitability, whereas an instantaneous assessment of physical habitat conditions, such as water temperature for vent tubeworms, provides a poorer predictor of long-term habitat suitability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004420051014
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of Antarctic benthic foraminifers settling on the pecten Adamussium colbecki (1984)
    Springer
    Polar biology 3 (1984), S. 185-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Some benthic foraminifers in Explorers Cove, Antarctica, occur both in the sediment and on hard objects such as rocks and invertebrates. The abundances of four of these foraminiferal species have been measured from sediment samples and from the upper valve of the pecten Adamussium colbecki. The two calcareous species, Cibicides refulgens and Rosalina globularis were more abundant on the pecten shells than the sediment: the agglutinated species, Trochammina ochracea and T. malovensis were more abundant in the sediment. A zone of low foraminiferal density was observed around the outer margin of each shell, but no evidence of an influence of pecten feeding currents on the foraminiferal distributions was found. The size of the pecten shell influenced the density of epizoic foraminifers colonizing it; large shells (area 〉43 cm2) supported much higher densities than smaller ones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00292622
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