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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Qualitative and semi-quantitative analyses of cytokinins using LC/APCI-MS in combination with ELISA (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of plant growth regulation 12 (1993), S. 21-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-8107
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Application of liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (LC/APCI-MS) for the analysis of cytokinins was examined. The fragmentation of cytokinins was studied using authentic trans-zeatin (t-Z), trans-zeatin riboside (t-ZR), isopentenyl adenine (i6Ade), isopentenyl adenosine (i6Ado), benzyl adenine (BAde), benzyl adenosine (BAdo), and kinetin. These cytokinins were effectively ionized by APCI in aqueous acetonitrile. t-Z, i6Ade, BAde, and kinetin showed prominent quasi-molecular ions of [M + H]+, and ribosylcytokinins clearly showed both [M + H]+ and a characteristic fragment ion ([M + H-ribose]+), giving some information about their structures. The qualitative and semi-quantitative analyses of cytokinins by LC/APCI-MS were validated in combination with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) through the analysis of t-ZR in the teratoma of Nicotiana tobacum. t-ZR was conclusively identified and a semi-quantitative estimate of its endogenous levels were provided by the combination of LC/APCI-MS and ELISA. The quantified values obtained by LC/ APCI-MS (single ion detection) and ELISA are in close agreement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00193674
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biosynthesis of brassinolide from teasterone via typhasterol and castasterone in cultured cells of Catharanthus roseus (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of plant growth regulation 13 (1994), S. 21-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-8107
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The biosynthesis of brassinolide (BL) in crown gall and nontransformed cells of Catharanthus roseus in which BL, castasterone (CS), typhasterol (TY), and teasterone (TE) are endogenous was investigated using deuterated TY and TE as substrates. The metabolites were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and/or GC-selected ion monitoring (SIM). It was found that these cells converted TY to CS and BL, as well as TE to TY and CS. Because the pathway from CS to BL in the cells has already been confirmed, a biosynthetic sequence of TE → TY → CS → BL was established. Reversible conversion between TE and TY was observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210703
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concentrations ofent-kaurene and squalene in vegetative rice shoots (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of plant growth regulation 7 (1988), S. 145-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-8107
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Ent-kaurene (ent-kaur-16-ene) and squalene were analyzed in extracts of the shoots of three cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa L.) of 14 and 28 days of age by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GS-MS) and GC-selected ion monitoring (GS-SIM).Ent-kaurene occurred at approximate concentrations of 〈1 to 13 ng/g f.w. in 14-day-old plants and 26 to 147 ng/g f.w. in 28-day-old plants. Shoots of the dwarf cultivar Waito-C contained much lessent-kaurene than the other two cultivars at both developmental stages. The level ofent-kaurene in the dwarf cultivar Tan-ginbozu was similar to that in the normal cultivar Nihonbare at 14 days but was lower than in Nihonbare at 28 days. Trace amounts ofent-isokaurene (ent-kaur-15-ene) were also found in the extracts of all three cultivars of shoots at 28 days. Squalene occurred in approximate concentrations from as low as 19 ng/g f.w. in 28-day-old Waito-C shoots to as much as 626 ng/g f.w. in 14-day-old Nihonbare shoots. Both Tan-ginbozu and Waito-C shoots contained less squalene than Nihonbare shoots at both developmental stages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02024677
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phytochrome inhibits the effectiveness of gibberellins to induce cell elongation in rice (1994)
    Springer
    Planta 194 (1994), S. 256-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Cell elongation ; Gibberellin sensitivity ; Microtubule ; Oryza ; Phytochrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Red light controls cell elongation in seedlings of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in a far-red-reversible manner (Nick and Furuya, 1993, Plant Growth Regul.12, 195–206). The role of gibberellins and microtubules in the transduction of this response was investigated in the rice cultivars Nihon Masari (japonica type) and Kasarath (indica type). The dose dependence of mesocotyl elongation on applied gibberellic acid (GA3) was shifted by red light, and this shift was reversed by far-red light. In contrast, coleoptile elongation was found to be independent of exogenous GA3. Nevertheless, it was inhibited by red light, and this inhibition was reversed by far-red light. The content of the active gibberellin species GA1 and GA4 was estimated by radio-immunoassay. In the mesocotyl, the gibberellin content per cell was found to increase after irradiation with red light, and this increase was far-red reversible. Conversely, the cellular gibberellin content injaponica-type coleoptiles did not exhibit any significant light response. Microtubules reoriented from transverse to longitudinal arrays in response to red light and this reorientation could be reversed by subsequent far-red light in both the coleoptile and the mesocotyl. This movement was accompanied by changes in cell-wall birefringence, indicating parallel reorientations of cellulose deposition. The data indicate that phytochrome regulates the sensitivity of the tissue towards gibberellins, that gibberellin synthesis is controlled in a negative-feedback loop dependent on gibberellin effectiveness, and that at least two hormone-triggered signal chains are linked to the cytoskeleton in rice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01101686
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation of two new gibberellins from immature seeds of Canavalia (1967)
    Springer
    Planta 75 (1967), S. 279-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Two new gibberellins, Canavalia gibberellin-I (CG-I) and Canavalia gebberellin-II (CG-II), were isolated from immature seeds of sword bean, Canavalia gladiata DC. The molecular formulas C19H22O7 and C19H22O6, were assigned to CG-I and CG-II, respectively, on the basis of high resolution mass, infrared and NMR spectra. The growth-promoting effects of CG-I and CG-II on dwarf maize mutants d 1 and d 5, rice seedlings and dwarf peas, Progress No. 5, are reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00386327
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phytochrome inhibits the effectiveness of gibberellins to induce cell elongation in rice (1994)
    Springer
    Planta 194 (1994), S. 256-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Cell elongation ; Gibberellin sensitivity ; Microtubule ; Oryza ; Phytochrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Red light controls cell elongation in seedlings of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in a far-red-reversible manner (Nick and Furuya, 1993, Plant Growth Regul. 12, 195–206). The role of gibberellins and microtubules in the transduction of this response was investigated in the rice cultivars Nihon Masari (japonica type) and Kasarath (indica type). The dose dependence of mesocotyl elongation on applied gibberellic acid (GA3) was shifted by red light, and this shift was reversed by far-red light. In contrast, coleoptile elongation was found to be independent of exogenous GA3. Nevertheless, it was inhibited by red light, and this inhibition was reversed by far-red light. The content of the active gibberellin species GA1 and GA4 was estimated by radio-immunoassay. In the mesocotyl, the gibberellin content per cell was found to increase after irradiation with red light, and this increase was far-red reversible. Conversely, the cellular gibberellin content in japonica-type coleoptiles did not exhibit any significant light response. Microtubules reoriented from transverse to longitudinal arrays in response to red light and this reorientation could be reversed by subsequent far-red light in both the coleoptile and the mesocotyl. This movement was accompanied by changes in cell-wall birefringence, indicating parallel reorientations of cellulose deposition. The data indicate that phytochrome regulates the sensitivity of the tissue towards gibberellins, that gibberellin synthesis is controlled in a negative-feedback loop dependent on gibberellin effectiveness, and that at least two hormone-triggered signal chains are linked to the cytoskeleton in rice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00196396
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of gibberellins in the rice plant and quantitative changes of gibberellin A19 throughout its life cycle (1979)
    Springer
    Planta 146 (1979), S. 185-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Gibberellin ; Oryza
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The major endogenous gibberellin (GA) in shoots, roots and ears of the rice plant, Oryza sativa L. japonica cv. Nihonbare, was identified as GA19 by combined gas liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and GC-selected ion current monitoring (GC-SICM). Another GA present in these tissues in small quantity was tentatively identified as GA1 by GC-SICM, and GA4 may be present in the seeds (kernels) of 3rd-leaf-stage seedlings. Using GC-SICM, the GA19 content was quantified throughout the life cycle of rice plants. It was found to reach high levels (ca. 10–15 μg/kg fresh weight) in 3rd-leaf seedlings, at panicle initiation (shoots), and during heading and anthesis (ears). The levels of GA19 in Oryza sativa indica cv. T-136 underwent changes closely similar to those found in Nihonbare. The growth-promoting activity in rice of exogenous GA19 is generally considerably less than that of GA1. It therefore seems possible that GA19 functions as a “pool GA”. The level of active GAs such as GA1 may be regulated by the rate of biosynthesis of GA19 or its metabolic conversions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00388230
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation of water-soluble gibberellins from immature seeds of Pharbitis nil (1967)
    Springer
    Planta 78 (1967), S. 208-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The presence of three water-soluble gibberellins was confirmed in immature seeds of morning-glory (Pharbitis nil). The structure of the main component has been elucidated as 2-O-β-glucosyl-gibberellin A3. It shows marked growth-promoting activity on rice seedlings but is far less active on dwarf maize mutants d 1, d 2 and d 5.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00406652
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation of gibberellins A26 and A27 and their glucosides from immature seeds of Pharbitis nil (1969)
    Springer
    Planta 87 (1969), S. 180-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Two new gibberellins, gibberellins A26 and A27 (GA26 and GA27), and their glucosides have been isolated from immature seeds of Japanese morning-glory (Pharbitis nil), together with GA8 and its glucoside. GA26, GA27 and their glucosides showed only slight growth-promoting activities on seedlings of rice, dwarf maize and cucumber.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00386975
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gibberellin biosynthetic pathway and the physiologically active gibberellin in the shoot ofCucumis sativus L. (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of plant growth regulation 10 (1991), S. 115-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-8107
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract [2H2]Gibberellin A24 (GA24) and [2H4]-GA9 were applied to the apices of normal-type cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Yomaki) seedlings treated with uniconazole, an inhibitor of GA biosynthesis. The metabolites from these feeds were identified by full-scan gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to confirm the conversions of [2H2]GA24 to [2H2]GA9 and of [2H4]GA9 to [2H4]GA4. The results show that GA4 is biosynthesized from GA24 via GA9. In a cucumber hypocotyl elongation bioassay using cv. Yomaki, prohexadione (DOCHC), an inhibitor of 2-oxoglutaratedependent dioxygenase, inhibited the hypocotyl elongation caused by application of GA9, while DOCHC enhanced the elongation caused by application of GA4. These results indicate that GA4 is a physiologically active GA and that the activity of GA9 is due to its conversion to GA4 in cucumber shoots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02279322
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